Dorothy Richardson Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

In spite of the fact that recognized by abstract circles as the main essayist to utilize the continuous flow strategy in her composition, Dorothy Richardson isn't as broadly perceived as the organizer of this style. Her quirks and manners of thinking were influenced for an amazing remainder by her childhood in a destitution stricken family. Brought into the world in 1873, Richardson was bound for cliché female occupations: a mentor tutor in Hanover and London, a secretary, and a colleague. Her mother’s self destruction in 1895 totally separated the family, just adding to the requirement for Richardson to discover a methods for supporting herself. Luckily, Richardson got engaged with the communists in the territory, also with the individuals living in Bloomsbury, and not long after she relinquished her secretarial work. She got engaged with interpretations and independent reporting as a prologue to the bohemian way of life; from that point she met and wedded Alan Odel, an a lo t more youthful man who was to some degree a clique figure in bohemia at that point, with his midsection length hair he wore folded over his head. All through her lifetime, Richardson distributed countless papers, short stories, sonnets, just as representations. Most acclaimed is her Pilgrimage arrangement, a thirteen novel venture that was the first in writing to utilize what Richardson wanted to call â€Å"interior monologues.† Pointed Roofs was the principal novel in the arrangement and importantly, the first to present such a style of composing. She gave the story a feeling of quickness, as opposed to from a review see. Rather than telling stories as in the pragmatists did, Richardson let the current second consume the writing with the goal that the present could beat the past. It... ... Hanscombe, Gillian E. The Art of Life: Dorothy Richardson and the Development of Women's activist Consciousness. Athens: Ohio Universty P, 1983. Staley, Thomas F. Dorothy Richardson. Boston: Twayne, 1976. Winning, Joanne. The Pilgrimage of Dorothy Richardson . Wisconsin Press. 21 Mar. 2004 <http://www.wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/books/3175.htm>. Related Links: Ladies of the Left Bank http://home.sprynet.com/~ditallop/homepage.htm Innovation: American Salons http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/engl/VSALM/mod/ Worldwide Review of Modernism http://www.modernism.wsu.edu/ Eisenstein, Joyce, and the Gender Politics of English Literary Modernism http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/FINE/juhde/tiess931.htm â€Å"The Part Played by Women:† The Gender of Modernism at the Armory Show http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MUSEUM/Armory/gender.html

Tips on How to Meet all Important Harvard Outline Format Requirements

Tips on How to Meet exceedingly Important Harvard Outline Format Requirements School and school instructors frequently request that understudies utilize the Harvard layout group (known as date-and-writer referencing) to compose their scholastic assignments. This kind of your instructor’s solicitation may stun you since you don’t comprehend standard Harvard layout group rules or rules. Quest the Internet for general data. Find accommodating tips or your guide on the most proficient method to meet Harvard necessities. Composing the best referencing page that incorporates all sources can be a hard assignment to individuals, so you shouldn’t feel deficient during this procedure. Before you apply standard Harvard plot position rules to your paper of any scholastic level, comprehend the significant job that it plays. Why use it? Utilize this referencing style to show to individuals who read your college article that you take explicit thoughts, realities, hypotheses, cites, or different materials from outer assets. Don’t neglect to call attention to their sources in an uncommon area. Why is referencing significant? Adhering to Harvard diagram design decides to the papers that understudies write in schools ensures that they give credit or affirmations to all writers. It causes you keep away from unoriginality, which is about scholarly cheating. Harvard law plots show that you should invest enough energy into your picked theme to concoct a decent sentence structure and request. Recognizing each source that you use in your paper is significant. Right references assist you with leading your fruitful research and show your honesty. Request MY PAPER HERE 6 primary standards to follow To make your ideal arrangement of scholastic assignments, you ought to adhere to these essential guidelines: Use in-content references in legitimate sentences; Take notes of any data that you have to make your catalog page; Use capitalizations just to compose authors’ names in your unique reference list; Record a full rundown of the considerable number of sources you use in your scholarly task; Use underlining or italics to take note of the titles of your sources (don’t utilize the two choices without a moment's delay); There are no exacting accentuation rules (you just should remain predictable). You can unmistakably observe conceivable Harvard layout complexities above. This well known referencing framework has some unpredictable prerequisites that all understudies must meet to gain high evaluations and intrigue their mentors. 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Composing a decent Harvard framework can assist you with accomplishing the accompanying essential objectives: Comprehend all that you read in important wellsprings of data; Recognize significant associations in your inquired about materials; Discover progressively about your picked theme; Complete scholastic assignments in a progressively sorted out way. When to apply your Harvard diagram? You ought to figure out how to utilize this organizing style and apply it with your judgment in light of the fact that it’s best for: Understudies who favor a reasonable association that encourages them compose sensible papers; Subjects that you can obviously composed dependent on their various leveled levels; Imparting related data to your focused on crowd viably; Utilizing phrases (not sentences) to record significant thoughts for your future task. The key motivation behind making your article plan is to get a brief and sorted out record to rearrange the whole procedure and make it quicker. Sort out all realities intelligently and viably with its assistance. Having a definite arrangement of your future paper can assist you with sorting out all thoughts and see where you should include more data or which ones don’t fit into your composition. In the event that you utilize your Harvard layout to structure intriguing considerations, it will tell you where you require more information. Significant holes mirror a requirement for additional examination. Guarantee that your article plan contains all the segments (presentation with your postulation, body sections, and end) important to furnish perusers with a smooth progression of thoughts. Summarizing Before you begin finishing any scholastic task, read its point by point directions to discover progressively about your teachers’ desires connected to arranging and sketching out. Imagine a scenario where they request that you make your blueprint dependent on Harvard rules. 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The Importance of Managing Stress When You Have OCD

The Importance of Managing Stress When You Have OCD OCD Living With OCD Print Managing Stress When You Have OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 07, 2019 mikkelwilliam / Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Understanding Stress Stress as an Event Stress as a Reaction Stress as a Transaction Coping Strategies Essential View All Back To Top If you have obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD), you can likely tell that stress is a major trigger of your  OCD symptoms. In addition, as the anxiety caused by your stress often causes you to use poor coping strategies like avoidance, stress can get in the way of treatment for OCD. Because of this, its vital to understand what stress is and how to cope with it. Understanding Stress Although we have all experienced stressful situations at one time or another, it can be difficult to explain exactly what stress is. Stress can be viewed from three different perspectives: as an event, a reaction, or a transaction. Stress as an Event Stress can be classified as an event, in which case the event is called a stressor. Examples of major stressors include getting divorced, being laid off from work, or being diagnosed with a serious illness. Daily hassles such as getting a parking ticket or forgetting to pick up milk on the way home can also be thought of as stressors. In general, the more long-standing, uncontrollable, unpredictable, and ambiguous you perceive a stressor to be, the more negative its impact will be on your well-being. People with OCD often report experiencing an increase in the number or severity of stressors just prior to their symptoms becoming worse. Stress as a Reaction Stress can also be thought of as how we react to an event. The classic stress response is the “fight or flight” reaction in which your body activates a number of physical and behavioral defense mechanisms to deal with an impending threat. This includes the release of specific hormones, the activation of stress-sensitive brain regions, an increase in your heart rate and blood pressure, and a decrease in appetite and sexual activity. All of these changes are designed to keep us alive in the face of danger. It makes sense that its often these physical and psychological symptoms that we are detecting when we say that we feel stressed out. Although the fight or flight reaction is helpful in the short-term, it puts a strain on our systems and can contribute to a variety of physical and mental illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and anxiety disorders,  if it goes on for too long. Stress as a Transaction Another way we can think of stress is as a state that results from a transaction between you and your environment. In this model of stress, your environment is constantly making demands on you such as getting to work on time, paying monthly bills, resolving conflicts with friends or co-workers, or parenting children. In turn, youre supposed to be able to bring a number of resources such as time, money, knowledge, skill, and social support to help meet the demands placed on you by the environment. According to this model, if you believe that you dont have the resources you need to deal with the demands placed on you, you feel stress. A nice feature of this model of stress is that it accounts for why different people react differently when faced with the same challenges. Not everybody sees the demands of the environment in the same way, and likewise, not everyone sees their capacity to deal with stress in the same way. As such, you can end up having as many different reactions to potentially stressful conditions as you do people. Good Coping Strategies Are Essential When You Have OCD According to the transactional model of stress, the perception of our ability to cope with the demands of the environment is the key to whether we will experience stress or not. Again, if we feel we have the resources to meet the demands of the environment, we probably wont feel as much stress. As such, many types of therapy for OCD focus on developing coping strategies that help you feel like you have more control over events in your environment. The thinking is that the more control you feel, the less stressed you are and the less severe your OCD symptoms become. In general, most psychotherapies emphasize  problem-focused coping. Coping strategies that get to the root of the problem are often far more effective in reducing stress than those that seek to simply manage the emotional distress caused by a situation.

My Personal Reflection On My Life - 847 Words

True Colors April 7, 2014, this date marks the beginning of my journey. This was the day my boyfriend, Jiovanni and I started dating, clueless as to the situation I had just jumped into. Throughout, this relationship I have learned, first-hand the struggle of being an interracial relationship. This experience has by far changed not only my perspective of the world around me, but also of the people close to me. My journey has taken me down a twisted road. In addition to learning many lessons about myself, I have become more aware of others actions and behaviors. Jio has changed my family, my views on people, and my sense of self. What is your definition of family? To me family should stick together through thick and thin, supporting my goals and decisions. My family used to be the people I could count on. But these beliefs have recently been changed. Growing up, my family always taught me to treat everyone equally, no matter the shape, size, race, or ethnicity. My mother and my relati onship had never been the best. We have up and downs, but she is still my mother and I love her. Likewise, my brother and I do not get along either. Now my brother has disowned me, saying I am disgrace to my family. Nothing has been the same since Jio has become a part of my life. Family gatherings are not so exciting now. While my other family members significant others are welcomed, mine is not. Jio would not be an issue with my mom and brother if he shared my family’s skin color. However,Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Reflection On My Life Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesautobiography† in class easily sent a shiver down my spine when it was announced. I sat there thinking to myself, â€Å"Okay†¦ I’m a 5’9,† sport loving, white guy that stayed at his home town college. I am just about as average as it comes, this paper will surely be the death of me.† However, after only a handful of classes I realized there’s a lot more to each and every individual that is worth sharing and learning about. What’s average on a personal level could be extraordinary to someone living in differentRead MoreMy Reflection Of My Personal Philosophy Of Life1228 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Life In my short seventeen years, I have experienced a great multitude of feelings towards my own personal experiences. My own reactions to the external circumstances that the universe has thrown at me, and I do indeed mean thrown, have allowed me to grow as a young woman and simultaneously allow me the privilege of looking at life through the lenses I wear today. Because the way I perceive my life to date is how I have been able to assemble the three things I value most in it: stayingRead MoreThe, The Gospel And Personal Reflection, And How The Holy Spirt Has Changed My Life2065 Words   |  9 Pagesrelates to the areas of working with others, things about myself, and my life within my organization. After providing a brief overview of the listed areas, I will list how the things I have learned about myself have played out in my life through a general experience and an a more detailed particular example. I later explore the article,† The Gospel and Personal Reflection† and h ow the Holy Spirt has transformed my life to strengthen my weakness for the better. Throughout the entire project biblical scripturesRead MoreReflection Of A Reflective Leadership Retreats1084 Words   |  5 Pagesreflecting and sharing. Collective conversations addressed both the assigned readings, as well as application of the lessons to personal, professional, and spiritual settings. We experienced what Walters (2006) considered the essence of retreats, which is to â€Å"have conversations with each other about things that are important†¦individually and collectively† (p. 22) Reflection on Retreat Experience Accustomed to a world inundated with technology, constant motion, and noise, spending a sustained periodRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development1629 Words   |  7 PagesReflection Paper #4 Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages theory suggests that people pass through eight distinctive developmental stages as they grow and change throughout their lives. Integrity versus despair is the eighth and final stage of Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development. This stage begins at approximately age 60 and ends at death. The crisis represented by this last life stage is integrity versus despair. 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In accordance with the NMC (2002) Code of professional conduct, confidentiality shall be maintained and all names have been changed to protect identity. The purpose of reflection as stated by Johns (1995) is to promote desirable practice throughRead MorePRS Coursework 11224 Words   |  5 PagesMSc. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BSM 160: PERSONAL AND RESEARCH SKILLS (FULL TIME) MOIRA BAILEY 1415792 CINDY OMARI WORD COUNT: 1,051 This reflective paper aims at analyzing my learning experience in the Personal and Research Skills module and how these experiences are likely to help both my post graduate study at The Robert Gordon University and my future career. During my post graduate studies at The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Personal and Research Skills was one of the fourRead MoreReflection Of Reflection And Reflective Practice1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate my understanding of reflection and reflective practice. Reflection means that we learn by thinking about our experiences and seeing them in a different way. (Dewey, 1938) suggested that, ‘we learn by doing and realising what came of what we did’. Nurses experience physical, hands on, during their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then practice standards will deteriorate. ReflectiveRead MoreReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a1600 Words   |  7 PagesReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a wonderful opportunity to discover my abilities and develop skills and confidence in critical thinking and systematic research processes. 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The Media s Influence On The Perception Of Media And...

Very few viewers of adverts decode images passively. Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright argue that there are very few viewers who decode images passively because there is no mass culture. This is because each viewer has different contexts and social backgrounds meaning that the images they view can be decoded in various ways because of their frame of reference and background. However the subject of how audiences decode and view media including advertising can be seen in various different perspectives particularly with Karl Marx and Louis Althusser who have similar but different theories around audiences as passive and active parts of the decoding process. Through Stuart Hall also we can understand the different ways audiences can receive a advert. Sturken and Cartwright’s theory of audiences focuses on the idea that everyone has their own background and frame of reference that determines how they decode an image (57). In advertising this theory is vital in understanding how audiences perceive images and understanding the effects and success of advertising on different people around the world. A part of this surrounds the identity of the viewer and the relevant context of the advert. For example, the Steinlager Pure advert which depicts the nuclear free image of New Zealand (Steinlager Pure). How this advert is received will depend on who views it. New Zealanders will have a direct connection to the advert due to its setting and context around the identity of New ZealandShow MoreRelatedMedia And The Media Industry1465 Words   |  6 Pagesabout media course, Television Production which I’ve chosen to study. Media courses have been taught at U.K universities for over thirty years and vary from practical to academ ic studies, but one thing is for sure, they have evolved over time as the media industry has changed considerably. 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Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Fourteen Free Essays

When I was a wolf, I wasn’t completely white. More golden. Blond with blue eyes in both forms. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Fourteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the resemblance was there â€Å"The icon isn’t mine,† I repeated. â€Å"Odd.† Will continued to peer at the plastic and frown. â€Å"Talismans are representations of spirit guides. Ojibwe folklore says that those of a particular clan are descended from that clan’s animal.† I recalled the information from Jessie’s report on the wolf god. According to Native American legend there were several totemic divisions: bear, eagle, moose, wolf, and so on. In the old days, each clan had a specialized task. While one governed, another made war. Members could not marry within their own clan – the ancestral link to the animal or bird made their blood too similar. â€Å"In that case,† Will continued, â€Å"I’d be descended from a wolf.† â€Å"No wonder Edward doesn’t like you,† I said. â€Å"Didn’t go over too well when he heard it, that’s for sure.† â€Å"What happened?† I asked, though I had a pretty good idea. Will tilted his head, and his golden earring swung free. â€Å"He shot me with silver.† â€Å"No ill effects?† â€Å"I didn’t explode.† Will rolled up the sleeve of his T-shirt. A bullet-shaped scar marred the smooth cinnamon skin of his upper arm. â€Å"Sorry about that,† I said. â€Å"You didn’t do it.† He let the material fall back into place. â€Å"Besides, chicks dig scars, don’t they?† â€Å"You better hope not, unless you want a high body count when Jessie gets hold of them.† Will laughed. â€Å"She’s something else.† â€Å"Yeah, but what?† He considered me for a moment with a bemused expression. â€Å"You two are a lot alike.† â€Å"Me and Jessie? I don’t think so.† I was like no one I’d ever encountered, but that was beside the point. Jessie and I were as different as day and night, new moon and full, human and werewolf. I slanted the icon until the light caught the jeweled eyes and sparkled. â€Å"What’s your opinion?† â€Å"Not sure. Usually, totems are made of stone, bone, something of the earth.† â€Å"And this is plastic.† â€Å"Which would make me think it’s nothing more than a child’s toy, sold in tourist shops to folks from away. There isn’t an Ojibwe alive who would create a spiritual symbol from plastic.† â€Å"Except?† His gaze lifted from the wolf to my face. â€Å"Except this appears to have been made to represent a specific wolf. You.† â€Å"Voodoo?† â€Å"Voodoo is an amalgamation of ancient African tribal symbols and the Catholicism the slaves were baptized into upon their arrival. This totem, however weird, is Ojibwe. But the only time I’ve seen talismans that simulate something more specific than a generic clan animal is when they’re shamanic.† â€Å"English, please.† â€Å"Shamans use talismans to aid them in assuming the form of their spirit animal. To do that, they often construct a totem to resemble themselves in some way: hair color, eyes, distinctive facial feature.† â€Å"I’m not a shaman.† â€Å"Technically, anyone with the right stuff can transform.† â€Å"The right stuff being†¦ ?† â€Å"Mystical connection to an animal.† â€Å"Got that,† I said dryly. â€Å"A shamanic totem.† I jiggled the wolf like a tiny martini shaker. â€Å"And?† â€Å"A sacrifice to imbue the totem with power.† My hand froze mid-shake. â€Å"What kind of sacrifice?† â€Å"Blood, death.† I thought of the flayed rabbit and muttered, â€Å"Hell.† Will’s gaze shot to mine. â€Å"What?† Quickly, I told him exactly where I’d found the icon, then I told him the rest. About the totem shifting, spilling silver light into my mind, and the instantaneous change. â€Å"Bam, you’re a wolf?† he asked. â€Å"Pretty much. You think that’s what’s been happening in Fairhaven?† He blinked, frowned, considered the tiny wolf again, then shook his head. â€Å"They’d have to fashion talismans that represent a particular person. Seems like too much hassle. And really, what’s the rush?† Once bitten, the victim would shift within twenty-four hours – rain or shine, sunshine or shadow, full moon or new. Even the dead would rise. They’d heal, then run and kill as a wolf. The first time, the moon didn’t matter. â€Å"Besides, we’d have found tiny totems strewn all over the place. Once you’re a wolf, no pockets.† My lips curved at the similarity in our thought processes. â€Å"So what’s going on?† â€Å"With you or with Fairhaven?† I shrugged. â€Å"Pick a mystery.† â€Å"There hasn’t been a disappearance since we arrived. My theory is that whatever the werewolves were up to in Fairhaven, they’re done and they’ve moved on.† â€Å"Or they saw Edward – â€Å" â€Å"And they moved on.† Will nodded. â€Å"I would. According to Jessie, we’ll have to leave soon, as well. There are werewolves busting out all over the country.† â€Å"What about the mystery of me?† Will pointed at the icon. â€Å"If that was left for you, and I have to think it was, what did they hope to accomplish?† â€Å"Why do shamans transform?† I asked. â€Å"What do they gain from the process?† â€Å"Becoming one with their spirit animal gives them the power to complete a quest.† â€Å"What kind of quest?† â€Å"A journey, knowledge. Whatever is most important to them.† â€Å"The cure,† I murmured. â€Å"Maybe.† His forehead creased in thought. â€Å"But if they meant to help you, why not just hand you the thing?† â€Å"Yeah, why not?† â€Å"The place blew up,† he said slowly, â€Å"and then you found the talisman?† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"Were they trying to kill you or not? I can’t decide.† â€Å"Join the club.† He ignored my attempt at humor. Jessie was no doubt a whole lot funnier than I was. â€Å"If they meant for you to die, then the icon being where it was didn’t have anything to do with you.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"But – † He broke off, and his dark eyes met mine again. â€Å"If they wanted you dead, then why the talisman that resembles you in wolf form? Coincidence?† â€Å"I don’t think so.† â€Å"Me, neither.† Will appeared as stumped as I was. â€Å"How did you manage to be outside when the place went up in flames?† â€Å"The test wolves went ballistic. Howling, snarling, hiding, then attacking. They were behaving as if – † My eyes met Will’s. â€Å"They were trapped by an enemy.† â€Å"But which enemy?† I spread my hands wide. There were so many to choose from. â€Å"I guess if we knew that,† Will continued, â€Å"we’d know who blew up the compound and maybe even why.† â€Å"It’s never that easy.† â€Å"Never.† Will indicated the totem with a flick of one finger. â€Å"May I?† I hesitated. If the totem had turned me into a wolf – wham – who knew what it might do to Will? Then again, who better to find out? In the end, he snatched the thing from my hand and nothing happened. But this icon didn’t look like him. Will studied the tiny wolf with a single-mindedness I admired. â€Å"You’ve told me everything?† There was one thing I hadn’t, one thing that disturbed me more than the rest. Will’s gaze flicked to mine. The seriousness in his dark eyes seemed magnified by the wire-rimmed glasses. â€Å"You can trust me.† Edward always preached: Trust no one. Ever. Of course Edward led a life of paranoia. He had good reason to. I’d lived so long inside a stone compound, I wasn’t sure whom to trust. But if I was going to put my faith in anyone, especially with information on the totem, Will would be the one. â€Å"My hand changed,† I blurted. â€Å"How?† I made hooks of my fingers and growled. â€Å"You were able to transform one body part and nothing else?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I’ve never heard of a werewolf being able to do that before.† Will offered the talisman. â€Å"Show me.† I stared at the tacky white wolf for more than a minute before I took it. Closing my eyes, I thought of the moon. I waited for the icon to heat, shift, maybe whine. What I got was – â€Å"Nothing.† I opened my eyes. â€Å"You think I’m crazy?† Will contemplated me without any expression at all. â€Å"I think it’s daytime.† How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Fourteen, Essay examples

Abortion Essay Conclusion Example For Students

Abortion Essay Conclusion The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. It hascaused countless deaths and several violent confrontations between the twoseparate parties of opinion. The fight between pro-life and pro-choicesupporters has been long and brutal. This is because, despite what severalpeople may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is a matter ofpersonal opinion. In this way, each side can say with certainty that the otheris wrong. Therefore the question remains; should abortion be legal? Though somemay disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the onlyoption that will protect the lives of American citizens. One only needs to lookinto American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women. Theviolence which occurs today because the of pro-choice/pro-life conflicts isminimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to theillegal abortions either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroomprofessionals which resu lted in infection, massive blood loss, anddeath. It is better now that they have a place to go where abortions can beperformed cleanly and with minimal risk. Legalization of abortion is the onlychoice no matter what side one takes in the debate. Women will try to do whatthey think is necessary to live as they wish, no matter what the risk. In orderto live as she chooses a woman may give up her freedom, her morals, her beliefs,her family, or even her life. Abortion has been around for thousands of years inevery inhabited corner of the globe. It has always been accepted as a means toprevent the suffering of both woman and potential child. It has been practicedwidely in every society for many reasons including famine, war, poverty,overpopulation, or simply because a woman felt she was not ready for a child(Whitney 40). No one ever questioned a womans right to this procedure. Afterall, who but God had the right to judge what a woman did with her own body? Thisthought process lasted till the 1800s. During this era of change people beganto turn their attention in a new direction, the fetus. They began to protestabortion as cruel, inhumane, and murderous. Filled with a new sense of purposeand the glory of a fresh, righteous cause to uphold this new morality swept thecountryside enveloping everyone in its wake. Abortionists who were once reveredand depended upon were now scorned and threatened. Though abortions stillhappened with regularity, they were kept silent and seen as a matter of shame. Over the next hundred years, public sentiment for the fetus continued torise until the inevitable happened in America during the early 40s; Abortionwas made illegal. (Cohen 17). There was much back patting andcongratulations among the pro-life supporters. And why not? They had succeededin saving the lives of the hundreds of innocent babies who would have beensenselessly slaughtered for the convenience of selfish, ignorant, andirresponsible women. Because of this new law, women would settle down and raisefamilies or give these beautiful children over into the hands of the hundreds ofloving couples who were just waiting for a baby to call their own. It seemedthat the perfect law had just been passed. Or had it? It has been proven timeand time again throughout history that the human spirit will not allowprohibition. Something inside us feels the need to strike out at that whichrestrains us and holds us from the life we want. Just as prohibition of alcoholmade a black market for liquor ( a virtual underworld was immediately erected tofulfill the new need for abortions). Government, through regulation, had onceagain created a need that would be fulfilled by the lawless. Most doctors,fearing incarceration, refused to treat the women who so desperately wantedabortions. Women, seeing no other solution to their problems, were oftendesperate enough to turn to these Back Room clinics. These clinicswere located in poverty-ridden sections of the city and their conditions weredeplorable. The places themselves were layered in filth and disease. Inexperienced butchers using dirty and crude equipment treated the girls. As ifthese backroom clinics were not bad enough, there was an even more appallingdecision a woman might face. If a she were unable to pay the exorbitant pricefor the illegal surgery, she would often perform the act herself. Knittingneedles, coat hangers, antiseptic douches and poisons were used most often(Welton 123). Emergency rooms primarily in the more urban areas werereporting higher numbers of intractable bleeding to the point of death. Pelvicinflammatory disease and other forms of life threatening sepsis were on therise. Self induced poisoning was another complication. (Boyer, 98). Partial abortions were also commonplace. One thing most people do not thinkabout is the fetus. If, as some say, life and the sense of self begins atconception, how many atrocities have been caused by the incompetence shownduring this time? Some may wonder what drove these women to such extremes justto have and abortion. Why didnt they just have the baby? The answer lies in ourmost basic human instinct: to survive as best we can. These women want to livetheir lives as they choose, not as it is chosen that they live it. Being forcedto bear a child could mean having to support and give up dreams of a betterlife. Also they might be pressured into a shotgun wedding to savetheir reputations. In the book Back Rooms, by Ellen Messer, a woman named Liz,explains her reasons for receiving an abortion. People have said to me,How can you be in favor of abortion? If youd had one, you wouldnt havethese beautiful children. But I would have had them. It just would have beenlater when I was better pre pared to care for them. And maybe they would have anicer man for their father. I would have been more prepared and all our liveswould have been so much easier. Even though I love my children dearly, I regretthat I did not have an abortion when I was given the option. I should never havelet others influence my decision. (29) For other women, being forced tobear a child would mean placing it into the system. It is commonly thought thatevery orphan is just temporary. That there is a family out there just waitingfor it with open arms. The truth of the matter is that many families did notwant children unless they were white and healthy. Most of the others were eithershifted through the system until they were 18 or sent to live with fosterfamilies who were sometimes uncaring or even abusive (187). Women were aware ofthese realities and many refused to bring a child into the world and have itlive in such a manner. Also was the fact that many women wanted to hide theirpresent state from fam ilies or employers. They knew that they could be disownedor fired for their shameful state. They were desperate to keep theirsecrets, so desperate in fact that they were willing to risk their lives. Thiswas a risk they should not have had to take. In the book Abortion: A PositiveDecision, Mrs. Lunneborg states that The desire not to have a child is byfar the best reason for an abortion. There are enough unwanted children in theworld already. (18) And so these women risked, and often lost, their livesin these illegal abortions. If they were caught afterwards, they were chargedwith murder. But is abortion murder? Abortion is defined as The inducedtermination of a pregnancy before it is capable of survival as anindividual (Frohock 186). Considering this definition, at the time of mostabortions, the fetus is not an individual. The definition is far too simplistic. Vertical tutoring EssayThus they dismiss it as lies. It is a vicious circle and it has caused manydeaths and injuries on both sides from riots, bombings, and fights. Carrie, aSan Diego nurse in an abortion clinic, tells us what it was like when thebuilding was bombed by pro-life supporters. At the initial explosion, Iwas knocked to the floor. A wave of heat burst through the room followed closelyby the fire. Burning papers fell from my desk and caught on the leg of myscrubs. The pain was unbelievable! I now know what hell must be like. I began tocrawl to the door when I heard a cry behind me. One of the young patients wasrunning down the hall with her gown on fire. I grabbed her and made her roll. Then we got out I suffered second and third degree burns on my legs and armsand my lungs were filled with smoke and had to be flushed out. Still, I am luckyto even be alive. Two of my best friends died in that bombing and several of myco-workers. I can not help but think now, that it is a bitter irony that thepeople who claim they are trying to save lives are killing people to accomplishit. (Interview with Carrie) According to Jannet Lennelborg, We mustfind an uncommon ground on this issue.(18). It is clear that these twogroups will never join in their ways of thinking. There is too much passion andconflict involved in the debate. What we must do is find a compromise andagree to disagree (18). If, just for a moment, we could just stopthe finger pointing and name calling, and just listen to what our so-calledopponents have to say, we may find that both sides have their points. Only thencan we stop the hatred and violence that has so ripped America in the last fewdecades. In conclusion , my research leads me to believe that, while abortionmust be legal, a woman should also be provided with all the correct informationshe needs to make a responsible and rational decision. I believe that this isthe only solution we can have which will conclude this private waronce and for all. The misinformation and violence surrounding this issue hasturned human against human for far too long. Most of the negativity regardingthe issue of abortion comes from the religious rights who believe that the rightto the life of the fetus supercedes all else. Unfortunately there will always bea disparity between logic and religion. BibliographyBoyer, Mark. Abortion: The Straight Facts. Boston: Houghton Mifflan, 1992. Cohen,Marshall. The Rights and Wrongs of Abortion. New Jersey: Princeton Press, 1978. Frohock, Fred. Abortion. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1989. Haddock, Martha. Abortion Today. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Interview- Interview with a formerSan Diego abortion clinic nurse who was present when it was bombed in 1985. Lunneborg,Patricia. Abortion: A Positive Decision. New York: Bergin Garvey, 1992. Messer, Ellen. Back Rooms. New York: St. Martins press, 1989. Rosenblatt,Rodger. Life Itself. New York: Random House, 1993. Welton, K.B. AbortionIsNot A Sin. California: Pandit Press, 1989. 191-95. Whitney, Catherine. WhoseLife? New York: William Morrow and Co., 1992