Dorothy Richardson Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

In spite of the fact that recognized by abstract circles as the main essayist to utilize the continuous flow strategy in her composition, Dorothy Richardson isn't as broadly perceived as the organizer of this style. Her quirks and manners of thinking were influenced for an amazing remainder by her childhood in a destitution stricken family. Brought into the world in 1873, Richardson was bound for cliché female occupations: a mentor tutor in Hanover and London, a secretary, and a colleague. Her mother’s self destruction in 1895 totally separated the family, just adding to the requirement for Richardson to discover a methods for supporting herself. Luckily, Richardson got engaged with the communists in the territory, also with the individuals living in Bloomsbury, and not long after she relinquished her secretarial work. She got engaged with interpretations and independent reporting as a prologue to the bohemian way of life; from that point she met and wedded Alan Odel, an a lo t more youthful man who was to some degree a clique figure in bohemia at that point, with his midsection length hair he wore folded over his head. All through her lifetime, Richardson distributed countless papers, short stories, sonnets, just as representations. Most acclaimed is her Pilgrimage arrangement, a thirteen novel venture that was the first in writing to utilize what Richardson wanted to call â€Å"interior monologues.† Pointed Roofs was the principal novel in the arrangement and importantly, the first to present such a style of composing. She gave the story a feeling of quickness, as opposed to from a review see. Rather than telling stories as in the pragmatists did, Richardson let the current second consume the writing with the goal that the present could beat the past. It... ... Hanscombe, Gillian E. The Art of Life: Dorothy Richardson and the Development of Women's activist Consciousness. Athens: Ohio Universty P, 1983. Staley, Thomas F. Dorothy Richardson. Boston: Twayne, 1976. Winning, Joanne. The Pilgrimage of Dorothy Richardson . Wisconsin Press. 21 Mar. 2004 <http://www.wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/books/3175.htm>. Related Links: Ladies of the Left Bank http://home.sprynet.com/~ditallop/homepage.htm Innovation: American Salons http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/engl/VSALM/mod/ Worldwide Review of Modernism http://www.modernism.wsu.edu/ Eisenstein, Joyce, and the Gender Politics of English Literary Modernism http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/FINE/juhde/tiess931.htm â€Å"The Part Played by Women:† The Gender of Modernism at the Armory Show http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MUSEUM/Armory/gender.html

Tips on How to Meet all Important Harvard Outline Format Requirements

Tips on How to Meet exceedingly Important Harvard Outline Format Requirements School and school instructors frequently request that understudies utilize the Harvard layout group (known as date-and-writer referencing) to compose their scholastic assignments. This kind of your instructor’s solicitation may stun you since you don’t comprehend standard Harvard layout group rules or rules. Quest the Internet for general data. Find accommodating tips or your guide on the most proficient method to meet Harvard necessities. Composing the best referencing page that incorporates all sources can be a hard assignment to individuals, so you shouldn’t feel deficient during this procedure. Before you apply standard Harvard plot position rules to your paper of any scholastic level, comprehend the significant job that it plays. Why use it? Utilize this referencing style to show to individuals who read your college article that you take explicit thoughts, realities, hypotheses, cites, or different materials from outer assets. Don’t neglect to call attention to their sources in an uncommon area. Why is referencing significant? Adhering to Harvard diagram design decides to the papers that understudies write in schools ensures that they give credit or affirmations to all writers. It causes you keep away from unoriginality, which is about scholarly cheating. Harvard law plots show that you should invest enough energy into your picked theme to concoct a decent sentence structure and request. Recognizing each source that you use in your paper is significant. Right references assist you with leading your fruitful research and show your honesty. Request MY PAPER HERE 6 primary standards to follow To make your ideal arrangement of scholastic assignments, you ought to adhere to these essential guidelines: Use in-content references in legitimate sentences; Take notes of any data that you have to make your catalog page; Use capitalizations just to compose authors’ names in your unique reference list; Record a full rundown of the considerable number of sources you use in your scholarly task; Use underlining or italics to take note of the titles of your sources (don’t utilize the two choices without a moment's delay); There are no exacting accentuation rules (you just should remain predictable). You can unmistakably observe conceivable Harvard layout complexities above. This well known referencing framework has some unpredictable prerequisites that all understudies must meet to gain high evaluations and intrigue their mentors. Referencing your scholastic paper in this configuration doesn’t rely just upon refering to sources since you ought to likewise discover significant data about utilized sources. General rules to follow What Harvard plot rules would it be a good idea for you to follow? Each time you indent, you show a degree of particularity (themes on the left are general, points on the privilege are increasingly explicit). Each theme that you indent to one side of your heading ought to identify with the ones to one side to make the best exposition plan. Substitute al letters and numbers (a couple ones will work). In your Harvard layout, it’s important to utilize the accompanying: Capital letters; Roman numerals; Lower case letters; Numbers; Lower case letters inside a bracket; Numbers inside a bracket. Instructors may request that you utilize different arrangements in your scholastic paper. The primary guideline to follow is to remain clear or predictable while substituting various letters and numbers in your paper plan. You ought to painstakingly indent the entirety of its levels to put headings effectively. Equalization your explicitness levels to get a more clear comprehension of connections or associations of the subject that you will expound on. Don’t transform your Harvard layout into a basic rundown of focuses in light of the fact that it must be increasingly mind boggling and expounded to assist you with composing winning scholastic papers. Put in YOUR Request For what reason would it be advisable for you to make your great arrangement? Composing a decent Harvard framework can assist you with accomplishing the accompanying essential objectives: Comprehend all that you read in important wellsprings of data; Recognize significant associations in your inquired about materials; Discover progressively about your picked theme; Complete scholastic assignments in a progressively sorted out way. When to apply your Harvard diagram? You ought to figure out how to utilize this organizing style and apply it with your judgment in light of the fact that it’s best for: Understudies who favor a reasonable association that encourages them compose sensible papers; Subjects that you can obviously composed dependent on their various leveled levels; Imparting related data to your focused on crowd viably; Utilizing phrases (not sentences) to record significant thoughts for your future task. The key motivation behind making your article plan is to get a brief and sorted out record to rearrange the whole procedure and make it quicker. Sort out all realities intelligently and viably with its assistance. Having a definite arrangement of your future paper can assist you with sorting out all thoughts and see where you should include more data or which ones don’t fit into your composition. In the event that you utilize your Harvard layout to structure intriguing considerations, it will tell you where you require more information. Significant holes mirror a requirement for additional examination. Guarantee that your article plan contains all the segments (presentation with your postulation, body sections, and end) important to furnish perusers with a smooth progression of thoughts. Summarizing Before you begin finishing any scholastic task, read its point by point directions to discover progressively about your teachers’ desires connected to arranging and sketching out. Imagine a scenario where they request that you make your blueprint dependent on Harvard rules. Utilize the previously mentioned tips to be guided the correct way. On the off chance that you locate this scholarly undertaking befuddling or troublesome, you shouldn’t feel upset since you can generally depend on our quality custom paper composing administrations. Contact our certified and prepared experts on the web. Depend them the entirety of your school stresses on the grounds that they’re prepared to assist you with taking care of your issues 24 hours out of each day. We realize how to help battling understudies. Our online administrations are reasonable, compelling, and quick.

The Importance of Managing Stress When You Have OCD

The Importance of Managing Stress When You Have OCD OCD Living With OCD Print Managing Stress When You Have OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 07, 2019 mikkelwilliam / Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Understanding Stress Stress as an Event Stress as a Reaction Stress as a Transaction Coping Strategies Essential View All Back To Top If you have obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD), you can likely tell that stress is a major trigger of your  OCD symptoms. In addition, as the anxiety caused by your stress often causes you to use poor coping strategies like avoidance, stress can get in the way of treatment for OCD. Because of this, its vital to understand what stress is and how to cope with it. Understanding Stress Although we have all experienced stressful situations at one time or another, it can be difficult to explain exactly what stress is. Stress can be viewed from three different perspectives: as an event, a reaction, or a transaction. Stress as an Event Stress can be classified as an event, in which case the event is called a stressor. Examples of major stressors include getting divorced, being laid off from work, or being diagnosed with a serious illness. Daily hassles such as getting a parking ticket or forgetting to pick up milk on the way home can also be thought of as stressors. In general, the more long-standing, uncontrollable, unpredictable, and ambiguous you perceive a stressor to be, the more negative its impact will be on your well-being. People with OCD often report experiencing an increase in the number or severity of stressors just prior to their symptoms becoming worse. Stress as a Reaction Stress can also be thought of as how we react to an event. The classic stress response is the “fight or flight” reaction in which your body activates a number of physical and behavioral defense mechanisms to deal with an impending threat. This includes the release of specific hormones, the activation of stress-sensitive brain regions, an increase in your heart rate and blood pressure, and a decrease in appetite and sexual activity. All of these changes are designed to keep us alive in the face of danger. It makes sense that its often these physical and psychological symptoms that we are detecting when we say that we feel stressed out. Although the fight or flight reaction is helpful in the short-term, it puts a strain on our systems and can contribute to a variety of physical and mental illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and anxiety disorders,  if it goes on for too long. Stress as a Transaction Another way we can think of stress is as a state that results from a transaction between you and your environment. In this model of stress, your environment is constantly making demands on you such as getting to work on time, paying monthly bills, resolving conflicts with friends or co-workers, or parenting children. In turn, youre supposed to be able to bring a number of resources such as time, money, knowledge, skill, and social support to help meet the demands placed on you by the environment. According to this model, if you believe that you dont have the resources you need to deal with the demands placed on you, you feel stress. A nice feature of this model of stress is that it accounts for why different people react differently when faced with the same challenges. Not everybody sees the demands of the environment in the same way, and likewise, not everyone sees their capacity to deal with stress in the same way. As such, you can end up having as many different reactions to potentially stressful conditions as you do people. Good Coping Strategies Are Essential When You Have OCD According to the transactional model of stress, the perception of our ability to cope with the demands of the environment is the key to whether we will experience stress or not. Again, if we feel we have the resources to meet the demands of the environment, we probably wont feel as much stress. As such, many types of therapy for OCD focus on developing coping strategies that help you feel like you have more control over events in your environment. The thinking is that the more control you feel, the less stressed you are and the less severe your OCD symptoms become. In general, most psychotherapies emphasize  problem-focused coping. Coping strategies that get to the root of the problem are often far more effective in reducing stress than those that seek to simply manage the emotional distress caused by a situation.

My Personal Reflection On My Life - 847 Words

True Colors April 7, 2014, this date marks the beginning of my journey. This was the day my boyfriend, Jiovanni and I started dating, clueless as to the situation I had just jumped into. Throughout, this relationship I have learned, first-hand the struggle of being an interracial relationship. This experience has by far changed not only my perspective of the world around me, but also of the people close to me. My journey has taken me down a twisted road. In addition to learning many lessons about myself, I have become more aware of others actions and behaviors. Jio has changed my family, my views on people, and my sense of self. What is your definition of family? To me family should stick together through thick and thin, supporting my goals and decisions. My family used to be the people I could count on. But these beliefs have recently been changed. Growing up, my family always taught me to treat everyone equally, no matter the shape, size, race, or ethnicity. My mother and my relati onship had never been the best. We have up and downs, but she is still my mother and I love her. Likewise, my brother and I do not get along either. Now my brother has disowned me, saying I am disgrace to my family. Nothing has been the same since Jio has become a part of my life. Family gatherings are not so exciting now. While my other family members significant others are welcomed, mine is not. Jio would not be an issue with my mom and brother if he shared my family’s skin color. However,Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Reflection On My Life Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesautobiography† in class easily sent a shiver down my spine when it was announced. I sat there thinking to myself, â€Å"Okay†¦ I’m a 5’9,† sport loving, white guy that stayed at his home town college. I am just about as average as it comes, this paper will surely be the death of me.† However, after only a handful of classes I realized there’s a lot more to each and every individual that is worth sharing and learning about. What’s average on a personal level could be extraordinary to someone living in differentRead MoreMy Reflection Of My Personal Philosophy Of Life1228 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Life In my short seventeen years, I have experienced a great multitude of feelings towards my own personal experiences. My own reactions to the external circumstances that the universe has thrown at me, and I do indeed mean thrown, have allowed me to grow as a young woman and simultaneously allow me the privilege of looking at life through the lenses I wear today. Because the way I perceive my life to date is how I have been able to assemble the three things I value most in it: stayingRead MoreThe, The Gospel And Personal Reflection, And How The Holy Spirt Has Changed My Life2065 Words   |  9 Pagesrelates to the areas of working with others, things about myself, and my life within my organization. After providing a brief overview of the listed areas, I will list how the things I have learned about myself have played out in my life through a general experience and an a more detailed particular example. I later explore the article,† The Gospel and Personal Reflection† and h ow the Holy Spirt has transformed my life to strengthen my weakness for the better. Throughout the entire project biblical scripturesRead MoreReflection Of A Reflective Leadership Retreats1084 Words   |  5 Pagesreflecting and sharing. Collective conversations addressed both the assigned readings, as well as application of the lessons to personal, professional, and spiritual settings. We experienced what Walters (2006) considered the essence of retreats, which is to â€Å"have conversations with each other about things that are important†¦individually and collectively† (p. 22) Reflection on Retreat Experience Accustomed to a world inundated with technology, constant motion, and noise, spending a sustained periodRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development1629 Words   |  7 PagesReflection Paper #4 Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages theory suggests that people pass through eight distinctive developmental stages as they grow and change throughout their lives. Integrity versus despair is the eighth and final stage of Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development. This stage begins at approximately age 60 and ends at death. The crisis represented by this last life stage is integrity versus despair. Erikson proposed that this stage begins when the individual experiencesRead MoreReflection on Action1452 Words   |  6 PagesReflection on action Introduction Reflection now a days is very important in health practises as it allows the practitioners to gain understandings from their professional and personal experiences .It has proven to be an essential utensil for development in their area. Reflection is seen as an influential resource of seeing accustomed events as fresh and inspiring. It is a way for critical thinking and learning. Thinkers have warned of the dangers of a life spent without reflection, but whatRead MoreReflection: Health Care Assistant805 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment 2 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to reflect on my personal role in the inter-professional team and the delivery of healthcare that I have encountered during my duty as a health care assistant in one of the hospitals here in England. In accordance with the NMC (2002) Code of professional conduct, confidentiality shall be maintained and all names have been changed to protect identity. The purpose of reflection as stated by Johns (1995) is to promote desirable practice throughRead MorePRS Coursework 11224 Words   |  5 PagesMSc. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BSM 160: PERSONAL AND RESEARCH SKILLS (FULL TIME) MOIRA BAILEY 1415792 CINDY OMARI WORD COUNT: 1,051 This reflective paper aims at analyzing my learning experience in the Personal and Research Skills module and how these experiences are likely to help both my post graduate study at The Robert Gordon University and my future career. During my post graduate studies at The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Personal and Research Skills was one of the fourRead MoreReflection Of Reflection And Reflective Practice1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate my understanding of reflection and reflective practice. Reflection means that we learn by thinking about our experiences and seeing them in a different way. (Dewey, 1938) suggested that, ‘we learn by doing and realising what came of what we did’. Nurses experience physical, hands on, during their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then practice standards will deteriorate. ReflectiveRead MoreReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a1600 Words   |  7 PagesReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a wonderful opportunity to discover my abilities and develop skills and confidence in critical thinking and systematic research processes. Especially, getting an A+ for a psychology report assignment and genuinely enjoying the process have given me a sense of competence in performing similar tasks such as planning and conducting experiments, analysing results, and evaluating research processes. After

The Media s Influence On The Perception Of Media And...

Very few viewers of adverts decode images passively. Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright argue that there are very few viewers who decode images passively because there is no mass culture. This is because each viewer has different contexts and social backgrounds meaning that the images they view can be decoded in various ways because of their frame of reference and background. However the subject of how audiences decode and view media including advertising can be seen in various different perspectives particularly with Karl Marx and Louis Althusser who have similar but different theories around audiences as passive and active parts of the decoding process. Through Stuart Hall also we can understand the different ways audiences can receive a advert. Sturken and Cartwright’s theory of audiences focuses on the idea that everyone has their own background and frame of reference that determines how they decode an image (57). In advertising this theory is vital in understanding how audiences perceive images and understanding the effects and success of advertising on different people around the world. A part of this surrounds the identity of the viewer and the relevant context of the advert. For example, the Steinlager Pure advert which depicts the nuclear free image of New Zealand (Steinlager Pure). How this advert is received will depend on who views it. New Zealanders will have a direct connection to the advert due to its setting and context around the identity of New ZealandShow MoreRelatedMedia And The Media Industry1465 Words   |  6 Pagesabout media course, Television Production which I’ve chosen to study. Media courses have been taught at U.K universities for over thirty years and vary from practical to academ ic studies, but one thing is for sure, they have evolved over time as the media industry has changed considerably. I understand you have major reservations about my choice of course, as this isn’t traditional degree, it’s worth noting that the media industry generates  £8 million an hour in the UK; covering advertising, subscriptionRead MoreCross-Cultural Communication Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagestopic in the field of International Management. The topic for this paper is Cross-cultural Communication in Marketing/advertising. Communication is such an important part of everyone’s daily life, not only in one’s personal life but also in organizations. Also now a day, we are becoming every year more and more global and working with different countries and cultures around the world. Henceforward, globalization is increasing, which makes communication a very important part of doing business internationallyRead MoreHuman Resource Training For The Media Sector1679 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is a very important role in the development of today s society. It impacts on the social consciousness to establish and consolidate a system of political thought leaders for society; associate members of society into a unity, a whole on the basis of the stance, political attitudes generally. Mass media also perform monitoring functions, and social management, monitoring, detection, promptly report the problems, new conflicts arise, contributes political stability to society. Such an importantRead MoreThe Po wer And Ethics Of Language1748 Words   |  7 Pagesabout it over and over again and ask, How did such a thing happen?. The answer, in itself, lies within the influence of the media, the power of language, and how its words are intertwined so masterfully that the effect becomes immeasurable. As Diane Setterfield once noted, â€Å"There is something about words. In expert hands, manipulated deftly, they take you prisoner. They wind themselves around your limbs like spider silk, and when you are so enthralled you cannot move, they pierce your skin, enterRead MoreThe Fashion : Unrealistic And Harmful Perceptions Of Beauty1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fashion Industrys’ Unrealistic and Harmful Perceptions of Beauty As you are flipping through the pages of any fashion magazine, you see that they are plastered with freakishly skinny, young women made up to resemble perfect barbie dolls. If you are the average american girl, you would probably be feeling a little more insecure about yourself than when you first opened the magazine. You begin to realize everything that you wish you could look like and are stuck comparing yourself to images thatRead MoreResearch Analysis : Primary Sources Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Analysis Worksheet This worksheet is for analyzing primary sources, which for the purpose of this project are popular culture media: texts created for a mass audience with some commercial component, either through sales, subscription, or advertising revenue: advertisements, videos, television shows, news articles or programs, popular music, etc. Choose three different popular culture artifacts (primary sources) that reflect the identity you’ve chosen for your essay. For instance, if I were analyzingRead MoreVideo Games Have Become A Real Influence On The Curriculum Of The Modern Entertainment Industry Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesgames have become a real influence on the curriculum of the modern entertainment industry. Video game campaigns have a very strategized, but hidden way of luring people to buy their product. I believe that the way that they use social influence like Facebook or twitter to spread the word that their new video game is coming. Social influence is a huge way to advertise and seduce the video game obsessed population to purchase their product. They also seem to use perception and sensation during commercialsRead MoreThe Political Front Runners Of Great Britain1742 Words   |  7 Pagesabout it over and over again and ask, How did such a thing happen?. The answer, in itself, lies within the inf luence of the media, the power of language, and how its words are intertwined so masterfully that the effect becomes immeasurable. As Diane Setterfield once noted, â€Å"There is something about words. In expert hands, manipulated deftly, they take you prisoner. They wind themselves around your limbs like spider silk, and when you are so enthralled you cannot move, they pierce your skin, enterRead MoreHow The Media Is The Issue Of The 21st Century1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdangers of media ownership concentrated in only a few mega-corporations. Refer to specific readings/viewings to back up your thoughts. b) According to Robert McChesney (Corporate Media the Threat to Democracy), and the movie Free Speech for Sale, why is such a concentration of corporate ownership a threat to democracy? (Hint: begin by defining democracy.) c) Include in your discussion both what the function of the media should be in a democracy, and what the function of the media is in dangerRead MoreSocial Media Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancement, constantly evolving. This pattern is no different from the world of advertising, as it has also evolved through the years and quite recently an unexpected technological innovation took the world by storm. It made such a tremendous impact that eventually led to the transformation of traditional marketing, and it’s no other than social media that we all learned to love. It’s quite fascinating that in the early 2000’s social media wasn’t even invented; yet statistics show that Facebook

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Fourteen Free Essays

When I was a wolf, I wasn’t completely white. More golden. Blond with blue eyes in both forms. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Fourteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the resemblance was there â€Å"The icon isn’t mine,† I repeated. â€Å"Odd.† Will continued to peer at the plastic and frown. â€Å"Talismans are representations of spirit guides. Ojibwe folklore says that those of a particular clan are descended from that clan’s animal.† I recalled the information from Jessie’s report on the wolf god. According to Native American legend there were several totemic divisions: bear, eagle, moose, wolf, and so on. In the old days, each clan had a specialized task. While one governed, another made war. Members could not marry within their own clan – the ancestral link to the animal or bird made their blood too similar. â€Å"In that case,† Will continued, â€Å"I’d be descended from a wolf.† â€Å"No wonder Edward doesn’t like you,† I said. â€Å"Didn’t go over too well when he heard it, that’s for sure.† â€Å"What happened?† I asked, though I had a pretty good idea. Will tilted his head, and his golden earring swung free. â€Å"He shot me with silver.† â€Å"No ill effects?† â€Å"I didn’t explode.† Will rolled up the sleeve of his T-shirt. A bullet-shaped scar marred the smooth cinnamon skin of his upper arm. â€Å"Sorry about that,† I said. â€Å"You didn’t do it.† He let the material fall back into place. â€Å"Besides, chicks dig scars, don’t they?† â€Å"You better hope not, unless you want a high body count when Jessie gets hold of them.† Will laughed. â€Å"She’s something else.† â€Å"Yeah, but what?† He considered me for a moment with a bemused expression. â€Å"You two are a lot alike.† â€Å"Me and Jessie? I don’t think so.† I was like no one I’d ever encountered, but that was beside the point. Jessie and I were as different as day and night, new moon and full, human and werewolf. I slanted the icon until the light caught the jeweled eyes and sparkled. â€Å"What’s your opinion?† â€Å"Not sure. Usually, totems are made of stone, bone, something of the earth.† â€Å"And this is plastic.† â€Å"Which would make me think it’s nothing more than a child’s toy, sold in tourist shops to folks from away. There isn’t an Ojibwe alive who would create a spiritual symbol from plastic.† â€Å"Except?† His gaze lifted from the wolf to my face. â€Å"Except this appears to have been made to represent a specific wolf. You.† â€Å"Voodoo?† â€Å"Voodoo is an amalgamation of ancient African tribal symbols and the Catholicism the slaves were baptized into upon their arrival. This totem, however weird, is Ojibwe. But the only time I’ve seen talismans that simulate something more specific than a generic clan animal is when they’re shamanic.† â€Å"English, please.† â€Å"Shamans use talismans to aid them in assuming the form of their spirit animal. To do that, they often construct a totem to resemble themselves in some way: hair color, eyes, distinctive facial feature.† â€Å"I’m not a shaman.† â€Å"Technically, anyone with the right stuff can transform.† â€Å"The right stuff being†¦ ?† â€Å"Mystical connection to an animal.† â€Å"Got that,† I said dryly. â€Å"A shamanic totem.† I jiggled the wolf like a tiny martini shaker. â€Å"And?† â€Å"A sacrifice to imbue the totem with power.† My hand froze mid-shake. â€Å"What kind of sacrifice?† â€Å"Blood, death.† I thought of the flayed rabbit and muttered, â€Å"Hell.† Will’s gaze shot to mine. â€Å"What?† Quickly, I told him exactly where I’d found the icon, then I told him the rest. About the totem shifting, spilling silver light into my mind, and the instantaneous change. â€Å"Bam, you’re a wolf?† he asked. â€Å"Pretty much. You think that’s what’s been happening in Fairhaven?† He blinked, frowned, considered the tiny wolf again, then shook his head. â€Å"They’d have to fashion talismans that represent a particular person. Seems like too much hassle. And really, what’s the rush?† Once bitten, the victim would shift within twenty-four hours – rain or shine, sunshine or shadow, full moon or new. Even the dead would rise. They’d heal, then run and kill as a wolf. The first time, the moon didn’t matter. â€Å"Besides, we’d have found tiny totems strewn all over the place. Once you’re a wolf, no pockets.† My lips curved at the similarity in our thought processes. â€Å"So what’s going on?† â€Å"With you or with Fairhaven?† I shrugged. â€Å"Pick a mystery.† â€Å"There hasn’t been a disappearance since we arrived. My theory is that whatever the werewolves were up to in Fairhaven, they’re done and they’ve moved on.† â€Å"Or they saw Edward – â€Å" â€Å"And they moved on.† Will nodded. â€Å"I would. According to Jessie, we’ll have to leave soon, as well. There are werewolves busting out all over the country.† â€Å"What about the mystery of me?† Will pointed at the icon. â€Å"If that was left for you, and I have to think it was, what did they hope to accomplish?† â€Å"Why do shamans transform?† I asked. â€Å"What do they gain from the process?† â€Å"Becoming one with their spirit animal gives them the power to complete a quest.† â€Å"What kind of quest?† â€Å"A journey, knowledge. Whatever is most important to them.† â€Å"The cure,† I murmured. â€Å"Maybe.† His forehead creased in thought. â€Å"But if they meant to help you, why not just hand you the thing?† â€Å"Yeah, why not?† â€Å"The place blew up,† he said slowly, â€Å"and then you found the talisman?† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"Were they trying to kill you or not? I can’t decide.† â€Å"Join the club.† He ignored my attempt at humor. Jessie was no doubt a whole lot funnier than I was. â€Å"If they meant for you to die, then the icon being where it was didn’t have anything to do with you.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"But – † He broke off, and his dark eyes met mine again. â€Å"If they wanted you dead, then why the talisman that resembles you in wolf form? Coincidence?† â€Å"I don’t think so.† â€Å"Me, neither.† Will appeared as stumped as I was. â€Å"How did you manage to be outside when the place went up in flames?† â€Å"The test wolves went ballistic. Howling, snarling, hiding, then attacking. They were behaving as if – † My eyes met Will’s. â€Å"They were trapped by an enemy.† â€Å"But which enemy?† I spread my hands wide. There were so many to choose from. â€Å"I guess if we knew that,† Will continued, â€Å"we’d know who blew up the compound and maybe even why.† â€Å"It’s never that easy.† â€Å"Never.† Will indicated the totem with a flick of one finger. â€Å"May I?† I hesitated. If the totem had turned me into a wolf – wham – who knew what it might do to Will? Then again, who better to find out? In the end, he snatched the thing from my hand and nothing happened. But this icon didn’t look like him. Will studied the tiny wolf with a single-mindedness I admired. â€Å"You’ve told me everything?† There was one thing I hadn’t, one thing that disturbed me more than the rest. Will’s gaze flicked to mine. The seriousness in his dark eyes seemed magnified by the wire-rimmed glasses. â€Å"You can trust me.† Edward always preached: Trust no one. Ever. Of course Edward led a life of paranoia. He had good reason to. I’d lived so long inside a stone compound, I wasn’t sure whom to trust. But if I was going to put my faith in anyone, especially with information on the totem, Will would be the one. â€Å"My hand changed,† I blurted. â€Å"How?† I made hooks of my fingers and growled. â€Å"You were able to transform one body part and nothing else?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I’ve never heard of a werewolf being able to do that before.† Will offered the talisman. â€Å"Show me.† I stared at the tacky white wolf for more than a minute before I took it. Closing my eyes, I thought of the moon. I waited for the icon to heat, shift, maybe whine. What I got was – â€Å"Nothing.† I opened my eyes. â€Å"You think I’m crazy?† Will contemplated me without any expression at all. â€Å"I think it’s daytime.† How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Fourteen, Essay examples

Abortion Essay Conclusion Example For Students

Abortion Essay Conclusion The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. It hascaused countless deaths and several violent confrontations between the twoseparate parties of opinion. The fight between pro-life and pro-choicesupporters has been long and brutal. This is because, despite what severalpeople may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is a matter ofpersonal opinion. In this way, each side can say with certainty that the otheris wrong. Therefore the question remains; should abortion be legal? Though somemay disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the onlyoption that will protect the lives of American citizens. One only needs to lookinto American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women. Theviolence which occurs today because the of pro-choice/pro-life conflicts isminimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to theillegal abortions either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroomprofessionals which resu lted in infection, massive blood loss, anddeath. It is better now that they have a place to go where abortions can beperformed cleanly and with minimal risk. Legalization of abortion is the onlychoice no matter what side one takes in the debate. Women will try to do whatthey think is necessary to live as they wish, no matter what the risk. In orderto live as she chooses a woman may give up her freedom, her morals, her beliefs,her family, or even her life. Abortion has been around for thousands of years inevery inhabited corner of the globe. It has always been accepted as a means toprevent the suffering of both woman and potential child. It has been practicedwidely in every society for many reasons including famine, war, poverty,overpopulation, or simply because a woman felt she was not ready for a child(Whitney 40). No one ever questioned a womans right to this procedure. Afterall, who but God had the right to judge what a woman did with her own body? Thisthought process lasted till the 1800s. During this era of change people beganto turn their attention in a new direction, the fetus. They began to protestabortion as cruel, inhumane, and murderous. Filled with a new sense of purposeand the glory of a fresh, righteous cause to uphold this new morality swept thecountryside enveloping everyone in its wake. Abortionists who were once reveredand depended upon were now scorned and threatened. Though abortions stillhappened with regularity, they were kept silent and seen as a matter of shame. Over the next hundred years, public sentiment for the fetus continued torise until the inevitable happened in America during the early 40s; Abortionwas made illegal. (Cohen 17). There was much back patting andcongratulations among the pro-life supporters. And why not? They had succeededin saving the lives of the hundreds of innocent babies who would have beensenselessly slaughtered for the convenience of selfish, ignorant, andirresponsible women. Because of this new law, women would settle down and raisefamilies or give these beautiful children over into the hands of the hundreds ofloving couples who were just waiting for a baby to call their own. It seemedthat the perfect law had just been passed. Or had it? It has been proven timeand time again throughout history that the human spirit will not allowprohibition. Something inside us feels the need to strike out at that whichrestrains us and holds us from the life we want. Just as prohibition of alcoholmade a black market for liquor ( a virtual underworld was immediately erected tofulfill the new need for abortions). Government, through regulation, had onceagain created a need that would be fulfilled by the lawless. Most doctors,fearing incarceration, refused to treat the women who so desperately wantedabortions. Women, seeing no other solution to their problems, were oftendesperate enough to turn to these Back Room clinics. These clinicswere located in poverty-ridden sections of the city and their conditions weredeplorable. The places themselves were layered in filth and disease. Inexperienced butchers using dirty and crude equipment treated the girls. As ifthese backroom clinics were not bad enough, there was an even more appallingdecision a woman might face. If a she were unable to pay the exorbitant pricefor the illegal surgery, she would often perform the act herself. Knittingneedles, coat hangers, antiseptic douches and poisons were used most often(Welton 123). Emergency rooms primarily in the more urban areas werereporting higher numbers of intractable bleeding to the point of death. Pelvicinflammatory disease and other forms of life threatening sepsis were on therise. Self induced poisoning was another complication. (Boyer, 98). Partial abortions were also commonplace. One thing most people do not thinkabout is the fetus. If, as some say, life and the sense of self begins atconception, how many atrocities have been caused by the incompetence shownduring this time? Some may wonder what drove these women to such extremes justto have and abortion. Why didnt they just have the baby? The answer lies in ourmost basic human instinct: to survive as best we can. These women want to livetheir lives as they choose, not as it is chosen that they live it. Being forcedto bear a child could mean having to support and give up dreams of a betterlife. Also they might be pressured into a shotgun wedding to savetheir reputations. In the book Back Rooms, by Ellen Messer, a woman named Liz,explains her reasons for receiving an abortion. People have said to me,How can you be in favor of abortion? If youd had one, you wouldnt havethese beautiful children. But I would have had them. It just would have beenlater when I was better pre pared to care for them. And maybe they would have anicer man for their father. I would have been more prepared and all our liveswould have been so much easier. Even though I love my children dearly, I regretthat I did not have an abortion when I was given the option. I should never havelet others influence my decision. (29) For other women, being forced tobear a child would mean placing it into the system. It is commonly thought thatevery orphan is just temporary. That there is a family out there just waitingfor it with open arms. The truth of the matter is that many families did notwant children unless they were white and healthy. Most of the others were eithershifted through the system until they were 18 or sent to live with fosterfamilies who were sometimes uncaring or even abusive (187). Women were aware ofthese realities and many refused to bring a child into the world and have itlive in such a manner. Also was the fact that many women wanted to hide theirpresent state from fam ilies or employers. They knew that they could be disownedor fired for their shameful state. They were desperate to keep theirsecrets, so desperate in fact that they were willing to risk their lives. Thiswas a risk they should not have had to take. In the book Abortion: A PositiveDecision, Mrs. Lunneborg states that The desire not to have a child is byfar the best reason for an abortion. There are enough unwanted children in theworld already. (18) And so these women risked, and often lost, their livesin these illegal abortions. If they were caught afterwards, they were chargedwith murder. But is abortion murder? Abortion is defined as The inducedtermination of a pregnancy before it is capable of survival as anindividual (Frohock 186). Considering this definition, at the time of mostabortions, the fetus is not an individual. The definition is far too simplistic. Vertical tutoring EssayThus they dismiss it as lies. It is a vicious circle and it has caused manydeaths and injuries on both sides from riots, bombings, and fights. Carrie, aSan Diego nurse in an abortion clinic, tells us what it was like when thebuilding was bombed by pro-life supporters. At the initial explosion, Iwas knocked to the floor. A wave of heat burst through the room followed closelyby the fire. Burning papers fell from my desk and caught on the leg of myscrubs. The pain was unbelievable! I now know what hell must be like. I began tocrawl to the door when I heard a cry behind me. One of the young patients wasrunning down the hall with her gown on fire. I grabbed her and made her roll. Then we got out I suffered second and third degree burns on my legs and armsand my lungs were filled with smoke and had to be flushed out. Still, I am luckyto even be alive. Two of my best friends died in that bombing and several of myco-workers. I can not help but think now, that it is a bitter irony that thepeople who claim they are trying to save lives are killing people to accomplishit. (Interview with Carrie) According to Jannet Lennelborg, We mustfind an uncommon ground on this issue.(18). It is clear that these twogroups will never join in their ways of thinking. There is too much passion andconflict involved in the debate. What we must do is find a compromise andagree to disagree (18). If, just for a moment, we could just stopthe finger pointing and name calling, and just listen to what our so-calledopponents have to say, we may find that both sides have their points. Only thencan we stop the hatred and violence that has so ripped America in the last fewdecades. In conclusion , my research leads me to believe that, while abortionmust be legal, a woman should also be provided with all the correct informationshe needs to make a responsible and rational decision. I believe that this isthe only solution we can have which will conclude this private waronce and for all. The misinformation and violence surrounding this issue hasturned human against human for far too long. Most of the negativity regardingthe issue of abortion comes from the religious rights who believe that the rightto the life of the fetus supercedes all else. Unfortunately there will always bea disparity between logic and religion. BibliographyBoyer, Mark. Abortion: The Straight Facts. Boston: Houghton Mifflan, 1992. Cohen,Marshall. The Rights and Wrongs of Abortion. New Jersey: Princeton Press, 1978. Frohock, Fred. Abortion. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1989. Haddock, Martha. Abortion Today. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Interview- Interview with a formerSan Diego abortion clinic nurse who was present when it was bombed in 1985. Lunneborg,Patricia. Abortion: A Positive Decision. New York: Bergin Garvey, 1992. Messer, Ellen. Back Rooms. New York: St. Martins press, 1989. Rosenblatt,Rodger. Life Itself. New York: Random House, 1993. Welton, K.B. AbortionIsNot A Sin. California: Pandit Press, 1989. 191-95. Whitney, Catherine. WhoseLife? New York: William Morrow and Co., 1992

Supply Chain free essay sample

A real world example of a second-tier supplier is â€Å"Wisconsin Aluminium† which supplies aluminium fuel filter housing to Mechanical Devices Company. Mechanical Devices uses the fuel filter housing on an engine component that they produce for Caterpillar Inc. Therefore, Wisconsin Aluminium is a second-tier supplier. b). Second Tier customer: The first tier’s customer’s customer is the focal firm’s second tier customer. Second tier customers buy from first tier customers (who now become a re-seller). The second tier customer may or may not be the end user of the product or service. A real world example of a second tier customer could be a retailer like Superstore where they would purchase the groceries from their first tier customers (wholesalers) and they would become the end user’s retailer. c). A focal firm: A focal firm is â€Å"the initiator of an International business transaction, they conceive, design, and produce the offerings, (goods and services) intended for consumption†. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Note 1. A real world example of a focal firm would be VW. Basically, there are many firms that help in the making of the VW, a different firm may assemble the car, and another one may provide the means of distribution, but the focal firm is still VW, as it â€Å"their car†. Q1-2). Is the use of a large number of suppliers a good idea? Why or why not? Support your answer with real business examples. It all depends on the nature of the industry as to how many suppliers would be needed, however, a few good suppliers is what organizations should aim for. This is because the key to developing effective chain management programs is keeping the customer in mind. When individual firms in a supply chain make business decisions while ignoring the interests of the end customer, and the other chain members, these suboptimal decisions transfer risks, costs and additional waiting time along the supply chain, ultimately leading to higher end-product prices, lower supply chain service levels and eventually lower end-customer demand. Firms should have few good suppliers that they can manage successfully. Building successful, trusting relationships with all the top-performing suppliers is a key ingredient of an effective supplier management effort. These few good suppliers can then provide tremendous benefits to the buying firm and the entire supply chain. Higher purchase volumes per supplier typically mean lower per unit purchase costs, and in many cases, higher quality and better delivery service. These important characteristics of few good suppliers are strategically important to the firm because of their impact on the firm’s competitiveness. A real world example of a good supplier is Imperial Oil who provides gasoline to their retailers. Q1-3). Why do companies practice supply chain management instead of buying out their suppliers and industrial customers forming conglomerates? The reason why firms are practicing supply chain management is because they want to be able to focus more on core capabilities, while trying to create alliances, or strategic partnerships with suppliers, transportation and warehousing companies, distributors and other customers who are good at what they can do best. This collaborative approach to making and distributing products and services to customers is becoming the most effective and efficient way for firms to stay successful. Especially for firms with large system inventories, many suppliers, complex product assemblies, and highly valued customers with large purchasing budgets, these have the most to gain by practising good supply management techniques. For these firms, even moderate supply chain management success can mean lower purchasing and inventory costs, better product quality and higher levels of customer service—all leading to more sales. Q1-4). Explain how the emergence of the concepts of JIT (Just in Time) and TQM (Total Quality Management) in the 1980’s contributed to the development of supply chain management. In the 1980’s, intense global competition began and manufacturers utilized JIT and TQM strategies to improve quality, manufacturing efficiency and delivery times. JIT is a lean-production system and it results in faster delivery times, lower inventory levels and better product quality. The supply chains had to be developed because an important aspect of a lean system is the quality of incoming purchased items and the quality of the various assemblies as they move through the production processes. This is due to the characteristically low levels of inventory purchased and work in process in lean-oriented facilities. Thus, firms employing concepts of lean usually have a TQM strategy in place to ensure continued quality compliance among suppliers with internal production facilities. So there was a real need of a good internal control system and chain management processes to be developed and that is how supply chain management got designed. And every supply chain design management is different from the other even if they practice JIT and TQM, depending on where they will construct their distribution centres, what transportation modes they will use, how big they want their production facilities and warehouses. The bottom line is was that if a company wanted faster delivery times, lower their inventory levels, and still give the customers the best product quality, they needed to work in a supply chain setting in collaboration with other tiers to gain a competitive advantage in the industry. And this all has been possible because of new technology as well as the emergence of the internet. Q2-1). Briefly summarize HBR (1997) article â€Å"What is the right supply chain for your product? † by Marshall Fisher. Although there has never been so much technology and brain power applied to improving supply chain performance, the actual performance of many supply chains has never been worse. In some cases, costs have risen to new levels because of adversarial relations between supply chain partners as well as dysfunctional industry practices. The new ideas and technologies have not worked because companies lack a framework for deciding which ones are best for their particular situation. A framework is provided to managers for helping them understand the nature of the demand for their products and devise the supply chain that can best satisfy that demand. Once products have been classified on the basis of their demand patterns, they fall into one of two categories: they are either primarily functional or primarily innovative. The root cause of the problems plaguing many supply chains is a mismatch between the type of product and the type of supply chain. Fisher states that products generally fall into two categories-innovative and functional-each requiring fundamentally different processes and goals. The first step to creating efficiency comes from assessing the supply chain and deciding which of the two product categories is following through it. This step is critical, in that innovative and functional products call for significantly different approaches to supply chain management. If products are functional, for example toothpaste, businesses should follow time-tested business models for identifying and trimming excess from different points along the supply chain. If, on the other hand, products are innovative, businesses should create a responsive supply chain to control the unpredictable nature of demand for example Louis Vuotton handbags. Q2-2). Explain the role of physical costs and market mediation costs according to Fisher’s article as they relate to different supply chain structures. Provide at least three examples each of physical costs and market mediation costs. Supply chains perform two distinct types of functions: a physical function and a market mediation function. A supply chain’s physical function is readily apparent and includes converting raw materials into parts, components, and eventually finished goods, and transporting all of them from one point in the supply chain to the next. Less visible but equally important is market mediation, whose purpose is ensuring that the variety of products reaching the marketplace matches what consumers want to buy. Each of the two functions incurs different costs. Physical costs are costs of production, costs of transportation and costs of inventory storage. Market mediation costs arise when supply exceeds demand and a products has to be marked down and sold at a loss or when supply falls short of demand, resulting in lost sales opportunities and dissatisfied customers. Market mediation costs can be costs of shortages, costs of obsolescence, and costs of holding excessive supplies. Q2-3). Provide at least two â€Å"real-industry† examples of product-supply chain mismatch which are out of the â€Å"strategic fit zones†. Clearly explain why and how they are out of â€Å"strategic fit†. Two â€Å"real-industry† examples of product selling supply chain mismatches are the automobile industry and the computer industry, as per Fisher’s paper. In the automobile industry for example, there are some cars such as the Ford Fairmont, which are inherently functional, while others, such as the BMW Z3 roadster, are innovative. A lean, efficient distribution channel is correct for functional cars but not appropriate for innovative cars, which requires inventory buffers to absorb uncertainty in demand. The most efficient place to put buffers is in parts, but doing so directly contradicts the JIT system that automakers have so vigorously adopted in the last decade. So, in the automobile industry, there is a variety of different makes and models (innovative) available for the consumer but when you visit the dealership, if you order a vehicle with your desired options, you may have to wait 4-6 weeks for delivery. That means, even though they are being innovative, they are not being responsive as they should be which would be a mismatch. Same goes with the computer industry—even though PC’s and workstations have replaced mainframes as the dominant technology, and even though acceptable lead time has dropped, because the computer industry has largely retained its emphasis on a physically efficient supply rather than a highly responsive supply chain, most computer companies find themselves in a mismatched situation and position themselves in the upper right hand cell of the matrix. Supply Chain free essay sample Gradual, long-term movement in time-series data is called a. seasonal variation b. cycles c. trends d. exponential variation e. random variation Which of the following is not present in a time series? a. seasonality b. operational variations c. trend d. cycles e. random variations The fundamental difference between cycles and seasonality is the a. duration of the repeating patterns b. magnitude of the variation c. ability to attribute the pattern to a cause d. all of the above In time series, which of the following cannot be predicted? a. large increases in demand b. technological trends c. easonal fluctuations d. random fluctuations e. large decreases in demand What is the approximate forecast for May using a four-month moving average? Which time series model below assumes that demand in the next period will be equal to the most recent periods demand? a. naive approach b. moving average approach c. weighted moving average approach d. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page exponential smoothing approach e. none of the above Which of the following is not a characteristic of simple moving averages? . it smoothes random variations in the data b. it has minimal data storage requirements c. it weights each historical value equally d. it smoothes real variations in the data 21. 3 22. A six-month moving average forecast is better than a three-month moving average forecast if demand a. is rather stable b. has been changing due to recent promotional efforts c. follows a downward trend d. follows an upward trend Increasing the number of periods in a moving average will accomplish greater smoothing, but at the expense of a. manager understanding b. accuracy c. stability d. esponsiveness to changes Which of the following statements comparing the weighted moving average technique and exponential smoothing is true? Exponential smoothing is more easily used in combination with the Delphi method. b. More emphasis can be placed on recent values using the weighted moving average. c. Exponential smoothing is considerably more difficult to implement on a computer. d. Exponential smoothing typically requires less record-keeping of past data. Which time series model uses past forecasts and past demand data to generate a new forecast? a. naive b. moving average c. weighted moving average d. xponential smoothing Which is not a characteristic of exponential smoothing? a. smoothes random variations in the data b. easily altered weighting scheme c. weights each historical value equally d. has minimal data storage requirements Which of the following smoothing constants would make an exponential smoothing forecast equivalent to a naive forecast?

Role of Government in Industrial Clusters Essays

Role of Government in Industrial Clusters Essays Role of Government in Industrial Clusters Essay Role of Government in Industrial Clusters Essay The first major issue is that Australian government policy development has largely been focused on descriptive information gathering rather than on achieving either business participation in, or greater understanding of the complex industrial clustering process 5 (Davies, 2001). In many of the failed or under-performing ICC developments, searchers noted that the associated government policy ignored the local and interregional industrial linkages and/or the channels of technology and knowledge transfer that existed, instead relying on relatively simple measures (such as industry size) to detect potential industry clusters. These simplistic measures are a common feature of Australian industrial cluster policy, and formed the basis upon which expensive and complex resource allocations were made (Gordon McCann, 2000). The second major issue surrounds an assumption by Australian policy-makers that he facts explaining the existence of industry clusters around the globe are readily generalist to the Australian context (Soddy, 2000). Of particular concern has been the assumption of Australian policy makers that simply replicating the policy choices of governments associated with successful clusters (such as Silicon Valley) will be successful despite the lack of evidence to support this contention. Body (2000) suggests that there are clear dangers in attempting to reproduce significant policy direction from a relatively small number of specific cases, especially those whose economic performance is inherently atypical. One of the major dangers of incorporating a carbon copy approach to policy development is that of misunderstanding the specific origins and competencies inherent to a regions networks between firms and industry is created and maintained, government policy directed at merely locating firms together appears to omit and/or ignore the most important and dynamic aspects of the industrial clustering process. The third issue concerns the record of Australian governments resource allocation as it pertains the development of industry cluster formation. Fuser and Bergman (2000) note that, at least at the regional level, the approach frequently adopted by policymakers involves little more than the identification of current regional specializations as targets for traditional development initiatives. In such cases, a cluster strategy serves more often as a meaner of allocating scarce resources than as a way to build the linkages and future inter-industry synergies documented so frequently in successful industrial districts (Fuser Bergman, 2000). For example, in Europe, the US and Australia, many planned clusters have failed to materialism spite heavy investments by government into the required infrastructure. The implication is that although setting up the infrastructure may be paramount to the diffusion of industrial clusters, it is not sufficient in of itself to ensure a clusters formation and development. Underpinning these issues is the observed difficulty of Australian policy-makers to conceptualize their role within Porters UDF (Brown 2000; Enriching Roberts, 2001). Indeed, Brown (2000) suggests Australias poor ICC performance is almost entirely predicated on the confused role of government and TTS policy makers, a statement echoed by Porter when he stated that: In Australia, what is less understood is that the government has some positive roles, like innovation and training, infrastructure, and things like that. I think that the real frontier is [understanding] the positive roles to be played by government whilst avoiding the distortion or intervention in competition (in Trains, 2002:39). In order to understand the positive roles that a government can play in the support of entrepreneurial activity and the development of innovative industrial clusters, this paper reports upon an examination of the 25-year history of one of Australias most innovative and internationally successful industry clusters, that of the Tasmania Light Shipbuilding Industry (TLS) cluster. Since its inception, the TLS cluster has grown substantially in terms of its sales volume, innovative output, and impact on the industry overall development as a world-class maritime producer (Industry Audit, 1998). At its peak between 1996 and 1998, the TLS cluster generated an annual turnover of ADD$400 million (accounting for 25 percent of the states merchandise sports), and was fundamental in the development of an industry council that represented and coordinated the majority of the states maritime industry (Industry Audit, 1998). Given its demonstrable importance to the regional Tasmania economy, an examination of the TLS clusters development provides an opportunity to observe the role that government played in the development of an innovative and internationally competitive industry cluster. This research comprised a series of semi-structured interviews with all of the key informants within the TLS cluster and the state government during the period 1977 to 2002. In particular, interviews were conducted with each of the state Premiers during the TLS clusters formation, the managing directors of the TLS cluster firms, and the heads of government departments and agencies with which the TLS cluster had significant interactions. In total 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted, each lasting between 60 and 90 minutes. The interview questions posed to the participants were derived from an extensive collection and analysis of historical data pertaining to the TLS clusters development. As such, the interviews contained both standardized interview questions (I. . Common to all informants) and specific interview questions (I. E. Aimed at the key informants specific involvement in the TLS clusters history), and were formulated to elicit the primary data required to answer the research questions posed in this inquiry. Both the standardized and specific interview questions were formulated to facilitate the aggregation, analysis, and validation of information, and enabled the researcher to interrogate the evidence gathered from other sources. These questions were designed to cover the necessary issues, but were framed in an open-ended manner, o allow the interviewees sufficient latitude for introspection and open reporting of their own perspectives. As a result, the informants were free to pursue those matters that they considered important. This collection of primary data using a semi-structured interview method allowed the informants to tell their own story in their own way, thereby allowing the researcher direct access to the experience of the case (Clinician Connelly, 1994). These individualized recollections aid to strengthen the inquiry by counteracting the bias that may exist in the secondary documents (Burgess, 1982), by adding matters of fact r detail that may only be recorded in individual memory (Samuel, 1982), and by giving voice to those not usually heard (Fontana Frey, 1994). The semi-structured interviews assisted this inquiry in each of these areas, as they enabled the researcher to 7 access facets of the case that would not have been available by any other data gathering technique. The interpretation of the data, and the verification of the conclusions, were facilitated by the use of the USSR NUDE*SIT software package. The interview transcripts were imported into the NUDE*SIT software database, following which the categories (I. E. He coding of the data) were established as a series of nodes. These nodes were initially generated from the themes highlighted in literature review process, formed part of an index system that allowed the researcher to categories respondent data in terms of extant theory. Each node was then reviewed in order to identify common themes necessary for the researchers second- round coding that underpins the discussion and conclusions in this paper. One of the most prevalent concerns surrounding the reporting of longitudinal cycle. Peters and Hood (2000) discuss how the industrial life cycle notion can influence the effectiveness of a governments industrial cluster policy platform. A growing literature base suggests that Who innovates and how much innovative activity is undertaken by an industry cluster is closely linked to the phase of the industry life cycle, and is of vital importance to effective policy implementation (Sleeper, 1996; Leigh, 2003). It is therefore necessary for this research to report on the longitudinal variation in government policy development, and link them to the needs of the TLS cluster over its life cycle. Results. The role of government during introductory stage of the TLS clusters life cycle. During the introductory stage of its life cycle, three key government roles positively influenced the TLS clusters development. The first was the state governments initial non-committal stance towards the specific development of the states burgeoning shipbuilding industry. The second role surrounded the enhancement of the states reputation within the domestic market as a centre for maritime research. The third role was the governments support for the entrepreneurial activities undertaken by Incant, when it became apparent that the company was a potential source of significant economic growth for the regional economy. The state governments initial non-committal stance towards the states burgeoning industry was not a deliberate one, as its policy focus at the time was on the macroeconomic restructuring of the states economy away from its dependence on hydroindustrialisation. Due to this focus on the macro-economic restructuring process, the Tasmania government did not at any stage pre-empty the growth requirements of the potential industry cluster. As such, the Tasmania government avoided the issues surrounding many of Australias industrial cluster failures of the sass in which governments built up the infrastructural support to potential industries in the hope that this would attract firms, as for example, the federal and South Australian government did with the failed multi-function polis planned for Adelaide. Consequently, the development of the innovative technologies (I. E. The development of elements of Porters firm strategy, structure and rivalry) remained the sole responsibility of the private sector firms that existed during the industrial clusters initial formation (I. E. Clifford and his maritime friendship network). 8 The second key role was the state governments development of the regions petition within the broader domestic maritime market as a national centre for maritime research. The Tasmania government implemented a series of lobbying initiatives that resulted in the federal government providing additional funding to the Australian Maritime College and relocating its national maritime research institute (the CAIRO) to Hobart. These state government lobbying efforts were largely aimed at the federal government rather than the private sector, but their success had implications for the regions Factor Conditions, Related and Supporting Industry, and y developing the regions supply of human capital through both the generation of specialized employment and education within the broader industry. The regional economys related and supporting industry factor was advanced by the increase in the sophistication of supply of inputs to the private sector firms (in terms of products and world standard maritime research). The Tasmania governments enhancement of the regions reputation helped to develop the demand conditions faced by the private sector shipbuilding firms, most significantly in the from of customers ready to import their products from interstate. It was only after the domestic exporting success of Incests innovative semi-aluminum catamarans in the early sass were realized that the Tasmania government undertook its third key role, that of accommodating the growth requirements of the innovative cluster firm. Although the Tasmania government did provide its first direct support for Incests innovative management in the introductory stage of the TLS clusters life cycle, it did so only after the firm was able to demonstrate the potential in the domestic Australian market for fast-ferry transportation. The Tasmania governments support for Incests innovative capacity was provided only when the firm could demonstrate that it did not possess the resources required for its continued expansion. The Tasmania government also required evidence that their support of Incests expansion would result in additional Jobs being created within the firm. This initial government support is consistent with the recommendation of Porters CT, as it allows for the challenges facing the burgeoning industry to be overcome whilst avoiding the inefficiencies associated with the governments direct involvement in private sector enterprise. The role of government during the growth stage of the TLS clusters life cycle. During the growth stage of its life cycle, three key government roles positively influenced the development of the TLS cluster. The first was the Tasmania governments continued effort to enhance the reputation of the regional economy, although the focus of these efforts changed from a focus on the domestic maritime market to one that encompassed the international market for Incests fast-ferries. The second was the Tasmania governments direct involvement in Incests sales and negotiation processes with their international customers. The third was the Tasmania governments policy initiatives that served to maximize the synergistic relationship that existed between Incant and its supplier firms. The first of the state government policies that positively influenced the development of the TLS cluster was the continued enhancement of the regions reputation as a centre 9 for maritime excellence, although the policy focus changed markedly to encompass the international marketplace. This change in focus was driven by the continued Through the use of government sponsored trade missions and the associated agitation activities, the Tasmania government used the success of Incant to illustrate the regions maritime competency to international buyers of these products, in turn facilitating an increase in the international demand conditions for Incests production. The Tasmania government also applied pressure on the remainder of the TLS cluster firms, and indeed the regions maritime industry as a whole, to similarly increase the quality of their production in line with the growing international reputation of the region. The Tasmania government helped the regions shipbuilding and maritime manufacturing firms to achieve high quality reduction by maintaining its existing lobbying efforts for additional infrastructural funding for the industry. Specifically, the Tasmania government undertook political action to secure additional funding for the educational and RD requirements of the industry. As with its direct support for Incests needs, however, the Tasmania government only lobbied for additional federal government funding after its need was recognized by the private sector, and where the private sector firms could demonstrate that these needs were necessary for their future growth. The Tasmania governments reputation enhancement strategy served to increase the Demand Conditions enjoyed by the states shipbuilding industry, and in particular, for the output of the regional industry innovative firm, Incant. It also served to apply a degree of pressure upon the Incests suppliers to similarly improve their production output in line with the growing prestige of the region. The second role undertaken by the Tasmania government was that of direct support during Incests sales negotiations with their potential international customers. This was directed by the incumbent state Premier at the time, through his department of economic development, most notably in the form of funding for international customer visits to Incests factory, but also by having the Premier accompany the potential customer during their visit. As a result of the state governments policy initiative to become involved in Incests sales negotiation process, it provided a level of prestige, moral support and sales expertise that was otherwise beyond the ability of the hub-firm to provide. Indirectly, this policy also served to highlight the supplier firms within the TLS cluster, as their inputs into Incests final product were also purported by the state governments involvement in the sale. In terms of advancing the Diamond Factors, the Tasmania governments second policy initiative served to develop the regional industry firm strategy, structure and rivalry by state Premiers personal endorsement of the TLS clusters output. It also served to align the TLS cluster firms goals with that of the state government by pressuring all of the individual firms to innovate their products in line with the requirements of the innovative Incant. In terms of advancing the Demand Conditions enjoyed by the regional industry, the Tasmania governments involvement served to enhance the legitimacy of Incests product to potential international customers. The third key role undertaken by the Tasmania state government was to undertake measures to deliberately maximize the synergistic relationship that existed between Incant and its supplier firms. Inherent in Porters CIT is the notion that within a clustered network of firms, some forms of scale or scope economies exist through which the industrial cluster develops an internationally competitive advantage. Through its development of marine parks and industrial councils (in which firms implementers to Incests operations can more easily interact) the Tasmania government deliberately enabled the realization of the synergies of both scale and scope inherent to the regions natural industry. The third state government role served to advance the diamond factors by developing the firm strategy, structure and rivalry and the Factor Conditions enjoyed by the TLS cluster firms in residence at the Prince of Wales Bay marine park in Hobart. With the TLS cluster firms in close geographic proximity, the individual firms were better able to communicate and ordinate their interrelated production and training activities, as well as allowing them to access the advanced and specialized (and expensive) infrastructure developed for the marine park. The role of government during the maturity stage of the TLS clusters life cycle. During the maturity stage of its life cycle, three key government roles positively influenced the development of the TLS cluster. The first key role was the continued enhancement of the regional economys reputation as a world centre for maritime manufacturing excellence, although the focus of its efforts hanged from the singular promotion of Incests success to incorporate the production of the entire set of industry members, be they cluster firms or otherwise. The second role was to formalism the relationships that existed within the regional shipbuilding and marine manufacturing industries. The third role was the governments deliberate strategy to dilute Incests importance and impact upon the regional economy. The first key government role was its continued enhancement of the regional economys reputation as a world centre for maritime manufacturing excellence. During the maturity stage however, the focus of the Tasmania governments petition strategy in the world shipping vessel market changed from the singular promotion of Incests success to incorporate the output of the entire industry, be they TLS cluster firms or otherwise. The functional strategies incorporated by the Tasmania government included trade missions, direct involvement in the international sales negotiations process, and the provision of marketing assistance to the industry. The marketing assistance provided to the industry was specifically targeted at generating a consistent message for all of Tasmania firms in the international marketplace. The policy to incorporate the entire set of cluster firms developed the demand conditions for the regional industry, with the region now marketed as a one-stop- shop for a wide variety of innovative and high-quality maritime production, not simply fast catamaran production. The state government could afford to undertake this marketing strategy given the success that the TLS cluster firms had enjoyed both the growth stage of the TLS clusters development, each of the supplier firms had secured their own export sales independent of those associated with their alliance with Incant. Further to this, two additional TLS cluster firms, Lifeboat Systems and Richardson Divine, emerged within the industry and enjoyed immediate export success, largely due to their association with Incant and the innovative and valuable nature of their output. 11 The second key role was to formalism the relationship between the regions entire set of shipbuilders and maritime manufacturers (TLS cluster firms or otherwise) and the state government. After the Prince of Wales Bay maritime park was established by the Tasmania government, the private sector firms, along with the Aluminum Welding School, formed the Tasmania Maritime Network (TEN) within which the TLS cluster could better develop its communications and lobbying efforts. After the Bacon Labor governments industry audit program of 1998 was completed, the TEN was restructured to form an Industry Council that represented approximately 85 percent of the regions shipbuilding and marine manufacturing firms. The Industry Council program sought to provide the regions shipbuilding industry with a direct communication and lobbying channel between the industry as a whole and the Tasmania government. The Industry Council arrangement also helped to ensure hat that the set of firms within the industry could better incorporate the success factors of the TLS cluster into their operations, and therefore become involved in the process of further developing the regional industry Firm Strategy Structure and Rivalry to comply with world-best standards. The third key role was the Tasmania governments strategy to dilute Incests importance and impact within the regional economy. The policy was implemented through the attraction of additional innovative shipbuilding firms to the region (producing vessels unlike those of Incant) in the hope that the TLS clusters supplier rims would have alternate sources of sales opportunities incremental to that of Incant. The Tasmania government was able to attract additional innovative firms through marketing the regions advanced infrastructure, support that was initially provided solely for the benefit of Incant. Where needed, the Tasmania government also provided the option to undertake an equity arrangement with the new hub- firms, an arrangement that involved funding of the new firms relocation and start-up costs, but did not involve the state government intervening in the innovative process of the firm. This policy initiative had a direct impact on the diamond factors enjoyed by the TLS cluster (and indeed the entire industry) by effectively driving incremental demand from the international marketplace for regions maritime production. In addition, it allowed the TLS clusters supplier firms to develop exponentially greater linkages within the industry, and more importantly, with firms of similar importance as the original huffier in terms of their innovative ability and supply requirements. The travel and trading needs of the isolated Tasmania community necessitated the

English Film and Literature Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

English Film and Literature Analysis - Essay Example Let us be ignorant to the visual version of the former and instead we are going to examine the key elements of Raymond Chandler’s novel 'The Big Sleep' and John Huston's film 'The Maltese Falcon', and find out, which stands as a single core trait that the American culture holds to be essential in its heroes. The Big sleep, The Maltese Falcon and Humphrey Bogart ‘The Big sleep’ is a crime novel written by detective fiction writer, Raymond Chandler in 1939. The story is known for its intricacy and many secrets being disclosed throughout the narrative. The whole narrative is based upon Los Angles detective, Philip Marlowe’s point of view. ‘The Maltese Falcon’ is a 1941 Warner Bros. film, directed by John Huston. The film was adapted from the novel of the same name written by Dashiell Hammett. The film ‘The Maltese Falcon’ has been named as one of the greatest films of all time by film critics. The screen play is all about a San Franci sco private detective, Sam Spade and his dealings with three corrupt characters all of whom are in pursuit of a jewel encrusted statuette named the Maltese Falcon. Humphrey Bogart, regarded as one of the greatest male star or film hero in the history of American cinema, played the character of Sam Spade. Humphrey Bogart created his own trade mark film persona through his films, which made him, a symbol of the Golden Age of Hollywood and a popular culture icon even after his death. The single core trait Inspection of these two works shows that the multiple core traits that remain as essential in American heroes are being cynical but honest, hardboiled but noble, stoical, wary as well as tough even without a gun. These multiple elements can be combined to form a sort of ‘umbrella’ core trait named idiosyncrasy. This oxymoronic term refers to the peculiarity and individuality in one’s thought and action. Both the main characters in the novel and the film express thi s in enormous amounts. The American culture during the 1940’s was associated with war and the post-war period, which demanded stoical character trait in its heroes. This can be noted in the pre-climax of the movie, when Sam Spade angrily confronts O’Shaughnessy, telling her that he knows that she killed Archer to implicate Thursby. She cannot believe that Spade would turn her over to the police, but he does, despite his feelings for her, thus exhibiting the stoical trait.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If you are good girl, you will be out in 20 years. I will be waiting for you. If they hang you, I’ll always remember you† (Huston). This also shows Spade’s behavior of accusing or cursing with sweet dialogue. On the other hand, in ‘The Big Sleep’, Marlowe exhibits the stoical trait in a different perspective. That is, he reveals a palpable dread of his own impending death, and struggles to retrace the steps that led him into a life of danger and depravity. Bo th sleuths Marlowe and Spade place a great emphasis on intricate details apart from viewing the larger picture, which also can be linked to the American culture’s perspective of who can be regarded as hero. The below words by Marlow reveal how he exhibits this trait in a effective manner. â€Å"Over the entrance doors, which would have let in a troop of Indian elephants, there was a broad stained-glass panel showing a knight in dark armor rescuing a lady who was tied to a tree†. (Chandler 1). These words clearly reflect how Marlow being a detective who looks into the details of

Pro Porn Feminist view of career in Pornography Essay

Pro Porn Feminist view of career in Pornography - Essay Example Pornography has provided female pornography actor with the financial augment they need, especially after becoming a widow or due to the lack of suitable jobs for qualified female pornography actor. Now pornography has turned into one of the biggest and most profitable industry and thus has invited a lot of interest and charm for female pornography actor to turn towards pornography in order to make some quick buck. Before we discuss the various views of female pornography actor working in the porn industry, we should define the definition of pornography. Although this has been a very debated topic too, as various authors find the definition in quite contrasting views. However, a generally accepted definition for "Pornography" is: "Pornography (from Greek pornographia - literally writing about or drawings of harlots) is the representation of the human body or human sexual behaviour with the goal of sexual arousal, similar to, but (according to some) distinct from, erotica."(Wikipedia) It has been arugued that pornography is "degrading" for female pornography actor. However, I believe that degrading is a very vague term. It narrows down to the point where every individual is in the position to define what is "degrading" and what is not. Another thing linked to this debate is that female pornography actor are used as "sex objects" and thus their importance mitigated. If this objection is taken at face value, it is meaningless, as objects do not have sexuality, only beings do. But if we state that female pornography actor are depicted as "sexual beings" would make a poor idiom. Most female sex workers foster the view that pornography should not be restricted, not because they oppose restricting harmful speech, but because they regard pornography as relatively harmless. They identify the harm of pornography as the harm of offense and maintain that the fact that some find certain materials offensive is not a sufficient reason for restricting those materials.( Gittler,2000) However, despite the benefits of porn, there still remains strong advocates of anti-porn. MacKinnon has disagreed that pornography is an action, instead of a form of expression. In her work titled "Only Words" she strongly presents the view that pornography is an illocutionary act of subordination. Another way that MacKinnon tries to augment the view that pornography is an action involves a similarly glaring non sequitur: "Pornography is masturbation material. It is used as sex. It therefore is sex."(Mackinnon 2000) The fact that pornography is used in certain actions, though, does not make it the case that pornography is an action. Finally, MacKinnon asserts that pornography is an action because it causes harmful acts. MacKinnon defends that pornography is causally linked to acts of sexism and violence against female pornography actor. Another important argument raised against female pornographic actors is that pornography entices men to commit rape. Studies and experts have contracted this view and have refused to accept any links between the two things, which they consider as poles apart. To further proof this point, the highly "pro-censorship" Messe Commission Report also agreed to this fact.( Jones,2001) Take the case of Japan, where pornography and

Propaganda in 1984 by George Orwell

Propaganda in 1984 by George Orwell Propaganda on 1984 by George Orwell Introduction At the time of authoring the book ‘Propaganda on 1984’, George Orwell was concerned by world affairs that were taking shape around the world such as communism and government control over the lives of people. George was skeptical of the power tricks used by communist parties with regards to leveraging power at the expense of people. Freedoms, rights and values of people are the main concerns expressed by George as evidenced in the book (Orwell, 5). Increased spying by the government according to Orwell is a threat to social values that hold a society. Most of the expressions in the book are a reflection of what the author predicted would happen in the foreseeable future. Debates on whether to adopt the communist ideals in the American society also motivated Orwell to express his opposition to the proposals. This paper will take the approach of an argumentative essay that will explore issues related to government control and propaganda as a tool for consolidating power. To better understand issues presented in the book, a detailed review of the work by George Orwell will be explored from an analytical perspective. Analysis and Discussion The first theme that best explains the perspective of Orwell with regards to infringing the freedoms of people and society is authoritative rule. By the time, communism gained momentum in Europe, there were differing opinions on this new system of governing. Accordingly, there was support from some regions on the new system of administration that had been made real thanks to the dominance of Russia and the Soviet Union. Orwell raises a red flag in his book by slamming communism since, the latter advocates for the restrictions of freedom and speech. From a practical perspective, rights such as speech freedom and press are integral in the harmonization of a given society (Orwell, 15). Communism was an outfit that was developed with the objective of holding on to power by suppressing the rights of people to choose their leaders in a democratic way. According to the author, democracy is a must have for any society that pursues effective leadership that lives within the moral principles o f a given society. For example, at the height of communism, there was major outcries from people around the world on how the rights of the people had been infringed. There was oppression in most dictatorial regimes around the world and this was of concern to Orwell who foresaw a world where people would live in fear. Party power is described in the book and was used for instilling fear and allegiance of those affiliated. By doing this, the dominant party would lock people from making personal decisions. In other words, the party was transformed into a power base that commanded every aspect of freedom and choices made by people. Manipulation on a psychological basis is an example of a power control tool that would be used by the party for controlling the masses (Kellner, 9). The rationale of these manipulations according to the book is to deprive people of independence and personal choices which are instrumental in the life of any person. Logic dictates that consolidating power needs a strategic approach such as interfering with the way of thinking of a given people. This is the same message presented here and the use of the character Winston sends the message home. Winston wonders about the influence of the Big Brother advocated by the government. In a sense, people are made to believe that Big B rother is the authority mandated with protecting people while at the same time watching enemies that would seek to threaten them. There are many questions to this tag as suggested by Orwell in the book. By spreading fear and tension, the government would gain control easily as compared to allowing people to make personal choices. The scope of manipulation with regards to government protection is seen in the way family values are compromised (Yeo, 5). To make the systems better, the government has additionally developed a junior spying program that entails kids reporting activities of their families to the government. The tactical approach used by the government in accomplishing this objective is the bone contention as seen in the book. When a government decides to manipulate people through the mind, then it can be said that dictatorship has taken route thereby, compromising the freedoms of people (Lang, 6). There is no logic in the government claiming that it would protect people by way of making choices by them. Information and intelligence regarding the activities of a government should be known by the public in order, to properly scrutinize the leadership system in place. Democracy entails the ability of people to choose leaders and live in a society where freedom and other values that bind people together are present. Big Brother therefore, is an illusion created by the government with the objective of attaining their ill motives. People have no information and as seen in the Oceania region, no one knows about the leadership system used in running affairs (Lang, 20). This implies that there is a bridge between people and the reality on the ground. Propaganda has been used a way of eliminating the dirty tricks used by the government and those in power to advance their selfish ideals. Deliberate attempts to destroy the past and present through, manipulative tactics is another thematic presentation that raises an argumentative view of the book by George Orwell. For example, the government ensures that information about the past is erased to keep people in the dark and feed them with information that lacks basis and credibility. Such levels of diversionary leadership are seen in the world expressed by Orwell in the book. Controlling the present largely depends on how well the past has been compromised by the system of power in place. Control has been attained in this regard and is best portrayed by loss of memory by the main character (Iskandar, 40). Winston seems to lose track of the past and engages in personal reflection for the sake of getting a grip of the past. What comes out from this experience by Winston is clearly government machinery used for hindering the thought patterns of people by causing discrepancies in time. Confusion is an important tool required for commanding control over a given population and has been happening within the ranks of government. Such a rule is detrimental to the stability and future prospects of a country, since, it does not recognize the significance of upholding integrity within leadership. There is no doubt that manipulations of this level are a manifestation of the problems facing people (Brown, 3). Winston is the only sober character in the book who endeavors to make connections between various events which have taken place. Another analytical argument to the propagandas introduced by the government according to Orwell is mistrust between families and use of technology for spying. As stated earlier in this argument, the government is responsible for creating divisions among people by making every citizen part of the spy network. Arguably, this approach has the capability of shaping how people relate with the government and other people all for the motives of the government (Raab, 35). The mental condition of Winston is clear illustration of the mental manipulations that have taken place in the society. O’ Brien attracts a lot of suspicion from Winston who thinks he might be part of the new system of controlling people. Trust is required for holding values and principles that guide a given society without influences that shape how people thinks and make decisions. Government control asserted in the book by Orwell is similar to divide rule where causing tension becomes a stronghold for government co ntrol. From a technological perspective, information should be freely disseminated to the public without any alterations that may lead to questioning. Developing of surveillance systems such as Tele screens is an experience raised by George and does nothing but watch the movements of people. Technology should be used in a way that helps spread knowledge and information to people all the time without fear of being spied. Such a world is ideal and best represents the values of a democracy. In comparison to the modern world, this dream is valid and can be attained without causing unnecessary jitters to the government (Yeo, 7). The language component as a factor for asserting control of the mind draws analytical perspectives based on the strategies used by the government for controlling people. Simply put, affecting the thinking patterns of people is the best way of controlling them. When freedom of speech and free thinking is encouraged, chances are that people will be free to express their opinions on various things. Progress would be made in this way by forming a united society that looks into the needs of people and providing a sense of accountability from the government. A government system that engages in surveillance programs for spying on their own people infringes on their rights and privacy needs as stipulated in the constitution. The world envisioned by Orwell is best described by the above description and encompasses value based leadership that addresses the needs of people without intimidating them. The events of communism and the consequences support the above assertions and show the problem w ith dictatorial regimes that do not respect the freedoms of citizens as spelled out in the constitution. Provisions in the constitution on the rights of people are clear and should be followed to the latter. If there is a lesson that world has learnt is that communism has no place in any society. Conflicts and tension is common place in the long run and show how people loathe dictatorial regimes. From a legal perspective, denying people their rights causes divisions that would most likely impact the manner in which the society functions (Brown, 8). A healthy society should be comprised of an accountable system of leadership that delivers on the fundamental rights of people such as freedom. The argumentative basis provided by Orwell in relation to the above description shows numerous similarities of the vision outlined by the author of a democratic world where peace abounds. Double think is another form of manipulation used by the government with regards to shaping the current agenda depending on their interests. By instilling contradictory thoughts to people, the leadership in place maneuvers in order to create chances for usurping power on a global scale. For example, a government can convince people on turning an enemy into a friendly nation as long as the interests of those in power are met. By brainwashing people, powerful figures are able to control agenda on various issues that affect society (Sessions, 19). In addition, people are led to believe that the proposed agenda is better for them and the future of their nation. Patriotism is the tool used for rallying people behind a given cause that sincerely speaking, cannot be justified. For example, invading another nation can be reached by a government and assure people that going to war would promote peace. How people are tricked is one thing and how the government accomplishes these objectives is another. The bottom line is that mental enslavement is a mechanism that has worked for the case of many autocratic regimes that endeavor to contravene the fundamental rights of the citizens. Soft power is applied by dictatorial regimes and shapes the manner in which people adopt to the new circumstances. Practically speaking going to war for any nation is a costly exercise that can cause short term problems such as economic crises or weakening of diplomatic ties. In a way people think that the government has their best interests at heart while in reality, the government is interested in taking away the liberties and freedoms. Orwell shows instances of double think in various parts of his book and shows how the government can influence societal agenda. From a social perspective, poverty and crime are some of the major contributors to urban problems. The government in the book by Orwell has disregarded the social needs of people such as jobs and good shelters which are important for boosting economic growth. The depiction of this situation by Orwell is a classic example of how resource misallocation is used for stabilizing power in dictatorial governments. Restricting the flow of resources in an equitable manner results to hopelessness that takes a nation backwards (Orwell, 36). Regardless of this, the government is less concerned about the needs of people and lets poverty become widespread without doing anything. Such imbalance is used by the government to hold people at ransom and consequently, perceive the government as the legitimate provider of their needs. Economic independence is an important element with regards to enhancing the rights of people and progress that trickles down to working families. Taking these rights is a mi stake and shows the incompetence of the government in terms of providing economic freedom to people. Evidence from the book by George shows the plight of people economically and how this is orchestrated by those in power. Wastage and poor planning policies are to blame in many countries where extreme poverty abounds. The author is categorical in terms of how the government is involved in the resource management and denounces this approach as dictatorial and unfair. Many regimes around the world are represented by these sentiments from the book by Orwell. Looting and wastage of resources meant for public usage is the order of the day and goes unpunished in the midst of harsh economic times facing people. The use of guilt through the main character can be looked from different angles and speaks volumes about the conditions facing most people. A look at people shows confusion and manipulation that is shaped in form of freedom (Sessions, 22). In short, there has been a total overhaul of how people think, make choices and their relationship with others. Winston is confused in most of the insights provided by the author in the book and reflects the situation facing most people. The irony is that people have believed that everything is alright and that the government is justified in the formulation of various policies that influence the functioning of society. Guilt is best expressed by Winston who feels that something is missing and sets out to change things. A look at this situation tells more about the role of government in disrupting human values that are much needed in promotion cooperation and unity among people in the long haul. This is not the case according the current events faci ng most people in the country and evidence shows that people are darkness. A comparative analysis of the book by Orwell and other authorships such as ‘1985’ and ‘Brave New World’ shows the same thematic message as highlighted the mentioned books (Orwell, 30). Just like the presentation by George, the above mentioned books provides accounts of human rights contraventions and how systems of rule such as communism were detrimental to world peace and harmony. All these accounts have a similar message as that provided by George in his book and emphasize on the problems facing most people in autocratic states. There is no room for autocracy according to these authors in the modern world and should not be allowed to thrive. The mention of media as a propaganda tool makes a lot of sense and provides the situation facing most nations around the world gripped in authoritative rule. A good example of media influence and how it failed people can be explained from the situation that led to attacks on American soil in 2001. Media perception of things and use of fabricated facts was common place and led to widespread confusion with regards to addressing the problem of terrorism and extremism that had spread around the world. By providing unverified information and taking sides, the media compromised the liberties of people with regards to their right to know accurate information (Brown, 13). There were many details that were left out in the proposals provided by the media in relation to war on terror. The conspiracy surrounding these attacks is another aspect showing the intensity of things with regards to propaganda promotion by the media. Every logic shows that the media was partisan with the government on th e issues that were facing Americans after the occurrence of these events. Conclusion The analytical approach used in exploring the reasoning by George Orwell in his book is clear testimony of the dangers of allowing dictatorial leadership principles such as those that gripped Europe during the era of communism. The combination of the teachings by Orwell and present day events around the world is proof of these sentiments. As seen in this critical review of the book, according people their rights and freedoms goes a long way in terms of showing respect for human rights and values. Works Cited Brown, Sarah. I always feel like, somebody’s watching me†¦Teaching 1984 and the power of government. Six-Week Unit designed for 10th grade honors. 2010. Print. Iskandar, Nicole. Teaching Dystopic Novels in the Classroom Unit of Study. Warner, 1984. Print. Kellner, Douglas. From 1984 to One-Dimensional Man: Critical Reflections on Orwell and Marcuse. Print. Lang, Peter. The Road from George Orwell: His Achievement and Legacy. European Academic Publishers. 2001. Print. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. Harcourt Education Limited, 2005. Print. Raab, Elizabeth. Propaganda and â€Å"Truth†: How Do You Know? John Bartram High School. Print. Sessions, Lisa. A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of George Orwell’s 1984. Asheville Junior High. Print. Yeo, Michael. Propaganda and Surveillance in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Global Media Journal- Canadian Edition. 2010. Print.